Correlation between radiomic features of Crohn's disease and secondary loss of response to infliximab

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with Crohn's disease in training and validation cohorts

Clinical characteristics	Training cohort (n = 156)	Validation cohort (n = 64)	P value
Age (years)	25.00 (20.00, 31.00)	24.00 (19.50, 29.00)	0.351
Gender (male/female)	111/45	53/11	0.071
Disease duration (months)	14.50 (7.00, 36.00)	12.00 (5.00, 46.00)	0.706
Montreal location, n (%)
Ileal (L1)	21 (13.5)	15 (23.5)	0.346
Colonic (L2)	43 (27.6)	18 (28.1)	0.268
Ileocolonic (L3)	92 (58.9)	31 (48.4)	0.725
Montreal behavior, n (%)
Nonstricturing, nonpenetrating (B1)	105 (67.3)	46 (71.9)	0.356
Stricturing (B2)	39 (25.0)	14 (21.9)	0.623
Penetrating (B3)	22 (14.1)	11 (17.2)	0.561
Perianal disease modifier (P)	82 (52.6)	33 (51.6)	0.893
Smoking (yes)	8 (5.1)	4 (6.3)	0.739
CRP (mg/L)	12.95 (4.05, 30.16)	14.60 (2.17, 27.06)	0.438
ESR (mm/h)	26.50 (13.00, 36.00)	22.00 (12.00, 31.00)	0.252
ALB (g/L)	37.00 (33.90, 40.30)	39.40 (34.70, 42.80)	0.104
WBC (× 109/L)	6.49 ± 2.19	7.93 ± 1.56	0.105
HBI	6.00 (5.00, 8.00)	6.50 (5.00, 7.00)	0.388
Previous abdominal surgery (yes), n (%)	18 (11.5)	9 (14.1)	0.604
Previous steroids or immunomodulators use (yes), n (%)	69 (44.2)	26 (40.6)	0.624

CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ALB: Albumin; WBC: White blood cell; HBI: Harvey-Bradshaw Index.

Table 2 Demographic univariate and multivariate analyses based on the training cohort

Clinical factors	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	Loss of response (n = 47)	Response (n = 109)	P value	β	P value	OR (95%CI)
Age (years)	25 (18, 34)	25 (20, 30.5)	0.902
Gender (male/female)	12/35	33/76	0.549
Disease duration (months)	24 (12, 48)	12 (4, 36)	0.011	-0.012	0.041	0.988 (0.976, 0.999)
Montreal location, n (%)
Ileal (L1)	9 (19.1)	12 (11.0)	0.168
Colonic (L2)	13 (27.7)	30 (27.5)	0.575
Ileocolonic (L3)	25 (53.2)	67 (61.5)	0.319
Montreal behavior, n (%)
Nonstricturing, nonpenetrating (B1)	38 (81.0)	67 (61.5)	0.687
Stricturing (B2)	7 (14.9)	32 (29.4)	0.056
Penetrating (B3)	3 (6.4)	19 (17.4)	0.069
Perianal disease modifier (P)	24 (51.1)	58 (53.2)	0.805
Smoking (yes)	3 (6.4)	5 (4.6)	0.641
CRP (mg/L)	17.70 (8.85, 40.10)	11.10 (3.55, 25.79)	0.058
ESR (mm/h)	31.00 (15.00, 39.00)	23.00 (13.00, 34.01)	0.105
ALB (g/L)	35.70 (32.70, 39.80)	37.80 (34.73, 40.50)	0.049		0.613
WBC (× 109/L)	7.07 ± 2.21	6.24 ± 2.14	0.028	-0.248	0.008	0.780 (0.649, 0.939)
HBI	7 (6, 9)	6 (5, 8)	0.001	-0.029	0.018	0.812 (0.683, 0.965)
Previous abdominal surgery (yes), n (%)	4 (8.5)	14 (12.8)	0.437
Previous steroids or immunomodulators use (yes), n (%)	18 (38.3)	51 (46.8)	0.327

OR: Odds ratio; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ALB: Albumin; WBC: White blood cell; HBI: Harvey-Bradshaw Index.

Table 3 Predictive performance of different models

Model		Clinical	Radiomics	Combined
Training cohort	AUC	0.720 (95%CI: 0.635-0.804)	0.818 (95%CI: 0.752-0.884)	0.871 (95%CI: 0.824-0.929)
	SEN	0.633	0.817	0.762
	SPE	0.745	0.727	0.872
	ACC	0.667	0.776	0.795
Validation cohort	AUC	0.700 (95%CI: 0.556-0.844)	0.808 (95%CI: 0.686-0.930)	0.854 (95%CI: 0.759-0.949)
	SEN	0.595	0.857	0.691
	SPE	0.727	0.727	0.910
	ACC	0.645	0.813	0.766

AUC: Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; SEN: Sensibility; SPE: Specificity; ACC: Accuracy.