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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 7, 2025; 31(25): 106371
Published online Jul 7, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i25.106371
Published online Jul 7, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i25.106371
Table 1 Demographic and clinical data of patients in the study
Characteristic | PBC (n = 16) | AIH (n = 9) | OS (n = 7) |
Age (years) | 58.00 (42.25-61.00) | 52.00 (28.00-57.50) | 57.00 (42.00-60.00) |
Sex (male/female) | 2/14 | 1/8 | 1/6 |
RBC (× 1012/L) | 3.89 (3.67-4.04) | 3.98 (3.32-5.19) | 4.40 (4.23-4.55)a |
WBC (× 109/L) | 4.17 (3.05-5.73) | 4.74 (3.58-6.69) | 6.09 (4.75-8.37)a |
PLT (× 109/L) | 138.50 (46.00-219.00) | 132.00 (60.00-245.00) | 181.00 (111.00-281.00) |
ALT (IU/L) | 57.50 (31.75-76.00) | 109.00 (39.00-275.00) | 82.00 (16.00-259.00) |
AST (IU/L) | 95.00 (63.00-126.00) | 97.00 (39.00-275.00) | 52.00 (49.00-199.00) |
TBIL (μmol/L) | 35.05 (24.80-49.60) | 31.60 (16.85-54.95) | 30.80 (19.50-33.90) |
GGT (IU/L) | 190.50 (93.75-485.00) | 66.00 (57.00-132.5) | 186.00 (29.00-494.00) |
ALP (IU/L) | 324 (176.50-583.00) | 138.00 (94.00-294.50) | 216.00 (90.00-310.00) |
ALB (g/dL) | 37.9 (32.68-45.00) | 38.40 (26.20-42.70) | 37.30 (34.50-46.80) |
TG (mmol/L) | 0.97 (0.76-1.24) | 1.27 (0.73-1.70) | 1.02 (0.64-1.36) |
CHOL (mmol/L) | 4.63 (3.59-8.12) | 4.48 (2.94-5.49) | 5.14 (4.03-7.22) |
TBIL (μmol/L) | 35.05 (24.8-49.6) | 31.60 (16.85-54.95) | 30.80 (19.50-33.90) |
INR | 1.04 (0.98-1.13) | 1.13 (1.05-1.24) | 1.00 (0.91-1.14) |
IGA (mg/dL) | 3.59 (3.17-4.40) | 2.49 (2.12-3.91) | 3.50 (2.70-7.87) |
IGG (mg/dL) | 16.85 (14.63-20.70) | 16.00 (15.00-29.55) | 17.05 (13.80-18.10) |
IGM (mg/dL) | 4.45 (2.75-5.26) | 1.34 (0.83-2.38) | 1.85 (1.06-4.48) |
ANA (positive/total) | 16/16 | 8/9 | 6/7 |
AMA (positive/total) | 12/16 | 2/9 | 5/7 |
ACA (positive/total) | 4/16 | 1/9 | 1/7 |
Table 2 Top 10 phylum-level shifts in gut microbiota composition among three patient groups
Gut microbiome | AIH (%) | PBC (%) | OS (%) |
Firmicutes | 61.287655 | 53.938722 | 49.503265 |
Proteobacteria | 11.205756 | 19.142401 | 28.905284 |
Bacteroidetes | 20.802816 | 21.928249 | 15.823387 |
Actinobacteria | 5.998074 | 2.806389 | 1.049066 |
Verrucomicrobia | 0.516567 | 1.83022 | 3.527271 |
Fusobacteria | 0.04227 | 0.275033 | 1.138819 |
Candidatus Saccharibacteria | 0.037415 | 0.019463 | 0.017548 |
Synergistetes | 0.005823 | 0.011598 | 0.012459 |
Cyanobacteria | 0.004831 | 0.002569 | 0.009026 |
Tenericutes | 4.87 × 10-4 | 9.63 × 10-4 | 0.0 |
Table 3 Significantly altered metabolites in overlap syndrome compared to primary biliary cholangitis
Name | FC | P value | VIP |
4-(anilinomethylidene)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-one | 1.552696 | 0.000721 | 2.639853 |
2-hydroxy-6-[(8Z,11Z)-pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl]benzoic acid | 0.370792 | 0.003842 | 1.818916 |
Ergosterol peroxide | 3.118903 | 0.004243 | 2.925869 |
Cholest-4-en-3-one | 0.40443 | 0.004499 | 1.984777 |
Propionylcarnitine | 1.925051 | 0.004683 | 2.61661 |
Fludrocortisone acetate | 0.248968 | 0.005297 | 1.854885 |
N-Methyldioctylamine | 1.585333 | 0.005887 | 2.162885 |
Proscillaridin A | 3.2096 | 0.009332 | 2.315147 |
(+/-)-CP 47,497-C7-hydroxy metabolite | 0.544798 | 0.012931 | 2.197074 |
PC (16:1e/22:1) | 1.747451 | 0.014132 | 2.307943 |
Octadec-9-ynoic acid | 0.440369 | 0.014988 | 2.076044 |
PC (16:1e/22:0) | 0.48038 | 0.016027 | 2.072384 |
17beta-Trenbolone | 0.574612 | 0.01804 | 2.224429 |
SM (d14:0/14:1) | 2.716597 | 0.018685 | 2.053585 |
alpha-farnesene | 0.647487 | 0.022544 | 1.773355 |
Trigonelline | 0.421173 | 0.023757 | 1.652406 |
LPE 18:2 | 1.567382 | 0.025836 | 1.859335 |
9-HOTrE | 0.616145 | 0.029622 | 1.97427 |
Verapamil hydrochloride | 0.563206 | 0.036 | 1.803812 |
Cer-NS (d18:1/16:0) | 0.549991 | 0.037082 | 1.795717 |
1,3-dimethyluracil | 0.471792 | 0.037551 | 1.671353 |
6-(7-methyloctyl)-1H,3H,4H,6H-furo[3,4-c]furan-1-one | 1.971003 | 0.037965 | 2.152845 |
(+/-)5(6)-DiHET | 0.366881 | 0.042184 | 1.46635 |
Pilocarpine | 0.489733 | 0.043371 | 1.922503 |
PC (3:0/16:4) | 1.628991 | 0.044805 | 1.521527 |
Testosterone | 0.573249 | 0.046918 | 1.426691 |
Table 4 Significantly altered metabolites in overlap syndrome compared to autoimmune hepatitis
Name | FC | P value | VIP |
All-Trans-13,14-dihydroretinol | 0.155118 | 0.002634 | 2.637447 |
Alpha-farnesene | 0.544136 | 0.001544 | 2.616726 |
PC (14:1e/18:0) | 2.137244 | 0.003936 | 2.522067 |
(+/-)-CP 47,497-C7-hydroxy metabolite | 0.473641 | 0.01921 | 2.325252 |
PC (16:1e/22:1) | 1.939505 | 0.00826 | 2.30595 |
Methyl nicotinate | 0.063976 | 0.045424 | 2.14672 |
Octadec-9-ynoic acid | 0.502862 | 0.011726 | 1.993845 |
Homo-gamma-linolenic acid (C20:3) | 0.49057 | 0.027711 | 1.964745 |
PC (16:1e/22:0) | 0.585272 | 0.012906 | 1.906264 |
PC (16:0e/16:0) | 1.635313 | 0.029478 | 1.902553 |
Linolelaidic acid (C18:2N6T) | 0.649017 | 0.029729 | 1.902188 |
Homoarginine | 0.481561 | 0.016852 | 1.82961 |
Mupirocin | 0.563021 | 0.046233 | 1.817926 |
Phenylglyoxylic acid | 0.286324 | 0.03155 | 1.786545 |
Tetranor-12(S)-HETE | 0.433141 | 0.004515 | 1.741955 |
N-Methyldioctylamine | 1.530444 | 0.024254 | 1.708007 |
Jasmonic acid | 0.545306 | 0.024253 | 1.438671 |
(2S)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2H,3H,7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one | 0.647968 | 0.021451 | 1.313058 |
- Citation: Wang Q, Sun LN, Shi H, Ma XY, Gao W, Xu B, Lin X, Liu YM, Huang CY, Jin RH. Multi-omics analysis reveals gut microbiota-metabolite interactions and their association with liver function in autoimmune overlap syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(25): 106371
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i25/106371.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i25.106371