Hepatolithiasis: Epidemiology, presentation, classification and management of a complex disease

Table 1 Main classifications of hepatolithiasis and criteria accounted for

Classification	Criteria	Advises on treatment
Dong’s classification[65]	Location of stones	Yes
	Presence of hepatic atrophy
	Presence of biliary strictures
	Cirrhosis
	Function of the sphincter of Oddi
Nakayama’s classification[66]	Type of stones	No, entirely descriptive
	Location of stones
	Presence of biliary stenosis, severity, and location
	Presence of biliary dilation, severity, and location
	Presence of stones inside the gallbladder
	Function of the sphincter of Oddi
	Previous operations
Tsunoda classification[67]	Primary or secondary lithiasis	Yes
	Location of stones
	Presence of biliary strictures
	Presence of biliary dilation
LHO classification system[68]	Tolerance to anatomical hepatectomy	Yes
	Distribution of stones
	Presence of parenchymal atrophy
	Presence of hilar stricture
	Function of the sphincter of Oddi