Non-coding RNAs: The potential biomarker or therapeutic target in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

Table 1 MicroRNAs and their function in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

miRNAs	Change	Targets	Effect on HIRI	Models	Ref.
miR-34a	Up	Nrf-2, SIRT1	Overexpression aggravates, downregulation alleviates	Rats, mice and RAW264.7	[66,68-71]
miR-34a-5p	Up	NF-κB /JNK/ P38	Overexpression alleviates	Human, rats, 7702 cells, AML12 cells	[72]
miR-122	Up	Nrf2, PHD1	Overexpression aggravates, overexpression alleviates	Rats, mice and human	[69-71,78]
miR-370	Up	TbRII, NF-κB, Blc2/BAX	Downregulation alleviates	Mice and AML12	[79,80,83]
miR-17	Up	Stat3	Overexpression aggravates	Mice and AML12	[96]
miRNA-155	Up	CD80, CD86, MHC-II	Knock out alleviates	Mice, Kupffer cells, AML12 cells, primary hepatocytes	[97]
MiR-223	Up		Biomarker	Mice and human	[98]
miR-494	Up	HIF-1α/HO-1, PI3K/Akt pathway	Overexpression alleviates	Mice, L02 cells, rats	[65,84,85]
miR-27a-5p	Up	Bach1	Overexpression alleviates, downregulation aggravates	Mice and AML12 cells	[99]
miRNA-191	Up	ZONAB/Cyclin D1	Overexpression aggravates, knock out alleviates	Mice and LO2 cells	[100]
miR-450b-5p	Up	CRYAB/NF-κB, Akt1/mTOR	Downregulation alleviates	Mice and RAW 264.7 cells	[101]
miR-218-5p	Up	GAB2/PI3K/AKT	downregulation alleviates, overexpression aggravates	mice	[102]
miR-494	Down	PTEN/PI3K/AKT	Overexpression alleviates	Rats and AML12 cells	[86]
miR-146b	Down	TRAF6, NF-κB	Downregulation aggravates	Rats	[103]
miR-330-3p	Down	PGAM5	Overexpression alleviates, downregulation aggravates	Mice and AML12 cells	[104]
miR-1246	Down	IL-6-gp130-STAT3	Downregulation aggravates	Mice and hUCB-MSCs	[105]
miR-142	Down	HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB	Overexpression alleviates, downregulation aggravates	Mice and NCTC 1469 cells	[93]
miR-96	Down	FOXO4	Overexpression alleviates, downregulation aggravates	Mice and primary hepatocytes	[92]
miR-494	Down	PTEN/PI3K/AKT	Overexpression alleviates	L02 cells; rats, AML12 cells	[84,86]
miR-30b	Down	Atg12-Atg5	Downregulation aggravates	Mice and AML12	[106]
miR-146a	Down	IRAK1, TRAF6	Overexpression alleviates	Mice and RAW264.7	[107]
miR-124	Down	Rab38, AKT pathway	Overexpression alleviates	Rats and L02 cells	[108]
miR-20b-5p	Down	SIRT1	Overexpression alleviates	Rats	[67]
miRNA-182-5p	No detect	TLR4	Overexpression alleviates	Mice and RAW264.7	[109]
miR-192-5p	Up/Down	Zeb2	Downregulation alleviates	Mice and Hepa1-6 cells, human	[90]
125b-5p	Down	Myd88, c-Fos and A20	No functional tests	Mice	[87]
miR-501-3p	Down	Myd88, c-Fos and A20	No functional tests	Mice	[87]
miR-133a-5p	Down	MAPK6	Overexpression alleviates, downregulation aggravates	Rats and QSG-7701	[95]
miR-214	Down	TRAF1/ASK1/JNK	Overexpression alleviates	Mice and AML12 cells	[110]
miR-449b-5p	Down	HMGB1, NF-κB	Overexpression alleviates	Rats and L02 cells	[111]
miR-142-3p	Down	MARCKS	Overexpression alleviates, downregulation aggravates	Mice and AML12, HepG2 cells	[112]
miR-24-3p	Down	STING	Overexpression alleviates	Mice	[113]
miR-9-5p	Down	CXCR4	Overexpression alleviates	Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells	[114]
miR-141-3p	Down	Keap1/Nrf2	Overexpression alleviates, downregulation aggravates	Human, mice and LO2 cells	[89]
miR-194	Down	PHLDA1	Overexpression alleviates	Mice and RAW 264.7 cells	[115]
miR-9-3p	Down	FNDC3VB	Overexpression alleviates, downregulation aggravates	Rats	[94]
miR-29a-3p	No change	Ireb2	Overexpression alleviates, downregulation aggravates	Rats and BMMSC	[116]
miR-124-3p	Down	TRAF3/CREB, Steap3	Overexpression alleviates, downregulation aggravates	Mice and Normal BNL Rats, CL.2 hepatocytes, BMMSC	[117,118]
miR-140-5p	Down	CAPN1	Overexpression alleviates, downregulation aggravates	Mice and AML12 cells	[119]

miRNAs: MicroRNAs; HIRI: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Table 2 MicroRNAs and the involved mechanisms in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

Mechanisms	miRNAs	Ref.
Apoptosis	miR-1, miR-17, miR-133, miR-205, miR-34a, miR-124, miR-146a, miR-494, miR-192-5p, miR-133a-5p, miRNA-155, miR-146b, miR-27a-5p, miR-214, miRNA-191, miR-370, miR-449b-5p, miRNA-142-3p, miRNA-24-3p, miR-9-5p, miR-96, miRNA-141-3p, miR-9-3p, miR-218-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-34a-5p, miR-142, miR-140-5p	[68,72,83,84,86,89-95,97,99,100,102,107,108,110-113,114,117,119]
Inflammatory responses	miRNA-182-5p, miR-370, miR-34a, miR-146a, 125b-5p and miR-501-3p, miRNA-155, miR-146b, miR-148a, miR-1246, MiRNA-142-3p, miRNA-24-3p, miR-9-5p, miR-194, miR-9-3p, miR-124-3p, miR-218-5p, miR-450b-5p, miR-142, miR-140-5p	[68,79,80,87,93,94,97,101-103,105,107,109,112-115,117,119,120]
Oxidative stress	miR-34a, miR-122, miR-494, miR-9-3p, miR-218-5p, miR-142	[69,70,71,86,93,94,102]
Autophagy	miR-17, miR-30b, miR-330-3p	[96,104,106]
Ferroptosis	miR-29a-3p, miR-124-3p	[116,118]

miRNAs: MicroRNAs.

Table 3 Long non-coding RNAs and their function in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

lncRNAs	Change	Targets	Effect on HIRI	Models	Ref.
TUG1	Up	Brg1, miR-194/SIRT1	Alleviate	Mice, AML12 cells, WRL-68 cells	[133,144]
SNHG1	Up	miR-186-5p/YY1	Alleviate	AML12 cells	[145]
NEAT1	Up	-	Aggravate	HL7702 cells	[134]
Gm4419	Up	miR-455/SOX6 axis	Aggravate	Rats and BRL-3A	[138]
AK139328	Up	Akt signaling pathway and NF-κB	Aggravate	Mice and primary mouse hepatocyte	[130]
AK054386	Up	miR-199	Aggravate	Mice and BNL-CL2 cells	[140]
HOTAIR	Up	miR-20b-5p/ATG7	Aggravate	Mice and primary mouse hepatocyte	[141]
MALAT1	Up	HMGB1-TLR4	Aggravate	HL7702 cells	[135]
Hnf4αos	Up	Hnf4α/miR-23a	Aggravate	Human, mice, primary mouse hepatocyte and L02 cells	[136]
KCNQ1OT1	Up	miR-142a-3p/HMGB1	Aggravate	Mice and primary mouse hepatocyte	[15]
CCAT1	Down	caspase-3, cyclin D1	Aggravate	HL7702 cells	[139]
MEG3	Down	miR-34a/Nrf2	Aggravate	Mice and HL7702 cells	[137]

lncRNAs: Long non-coding RNAs; HIRI: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Table 4 Long non-coding RNAs and the involved mechanisms in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

Mechanisms	lncRNAs	Ref.
Apoptosis	MEG3, TUG1, NEAT1, Gm4419, CCAT1, AK054386, MALAT1, Hnf4αos	[133-140]
Inflammatory responses	TUG1, NEAT1, AK139328, MALAT1, Hnf4αos	[130,133-136]
Oxidative stress	TUG1	[133,144]
Autophagy	HOTAIR	[141]
Pyroptosis	KCNQ1OT1	[142]
Endoplasmic reticulum stress	AK054386	[140]

lncRNAs: Long non-coding RNAs.