Post-acute pancreatitis diabetes: A complication waiting for more recognition and understanding

Table 1 Classification of diabetes of exocrine pancreas

Type of diabetes	Definition
Post pancreatitis diabetes	Diabetes identified in a patient with pancreatitis without previous detection of diabetes
Post-acute pancreatitis diabetes	Diabetes identified after one or more episodes of acute pancreatitis
Post-chronic pancreatitis diabetes	Diabetes identified in a patient with diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis
Pancreatic cancer related diabetes	Diabetes associated to pancreatic cancer in a patient without history of diabetes
Cystic fibrosis related diabetes	Diabetes associated to cystic fibrosis in a patient without history of diabetes

Table 2 Prospective cohort studies with more than 12 mo of follow-up that determine the incidence of post-acute pancreatitis diabetes

Ref.	N	Follow-up, mo	AP grade, %	Definition of diabetes	Prediabetes, %	Diabetes, %
Johansen and Ornsholt[20], 1972	22	24	NS	OGTT	0	18
Olszewski et al[19], 1978	25	12	NS	OGTT, serum insulin	ND	28
Eriksson et al[21], 1992	36	74	S:56; M:44	OGTT	11	53
Angelini et al[22], 1993	118	53	S:70; M:30	OGTT	ND	8
Malecka et al[23], 2002	82	56	S:34; M:66	OGTT, serum insulin	2	16
Kaya et al[24], 2007	112	12	S:32; M:68	OGTT, fasting glucose, c-pep	24	21
Andersson et al[25], 2010	39	45	S:35; M:65	Serum insulin, OGTT	33	23
Garip et al[26], 2013	96	32	S:36; M:64	Fasting glucose, OGTT	ND	34
Vujasinovic et al[27], 2014	100	32	NS	Fasting glucose, OGTT	ND	14
Winter Gasparoto et al[28], 2015	16	38.4	NS	OGTT, HOMA	ND	31.2
Severe AP
Doepel et al[29], 1993	37	74	S:100	Fasting glucose, C- pep, A1cHb, OGTT	ND	54
Yasuda et al[30], 2008	41	56	S:100	Fasting glucose	ND	39
Gupta et al[31], 2009	30	31	S:100	Fasting and postprandial glucose, OGTT, C-pep	20	20
Uomo et al[32], 2010	38	179	S:100	OGTT	ND	16
Chandrasekaran et al[33], 2015	35	26.2	S:100	OGTT	ND	48.5
Tu et al[34], 2017	113	42.9	S:90; M:10	OGTT A1cHb	ND	30

AP: Acute pancreatitis; NS: Not significant; ND: Non-determined; S: Severe; M: Mild and moderate; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; C-pep: C-peptide; A1cHb: Glycosylated hemoglobin.