SGK3 overexpression correlates with a poor prognosis in endoscopically resected superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasia: A long-term study

Table 1 Basic characteristics according to serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 3 expression status

Characteristics	SGK3 normal, n = 37	SGK3 overexpression, n = 55	P value
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	58.73 ± 6.81	61.21 ± 8.05	0.118
Sex (male), n (%)	27 (73.0)	36 (65.5)	0.447
Tumor location, n (%)1			0.560
Upper esophagus	4 (10.8)	7 (12.7)
Middle esophagus	14 (37.8)	26 (47.)
Lower esophagus	19 (51.4)	22 (40.0)
Tumor size (cm, mean ± SD)	3.16 ± 1.94	3.30 ± 1.89	0.742
Tumor stage, n (%)			0.720
Tis	25 (67.6)	38 (69.1)
T1a	6 (16.2)	11 (20.0)
T1b	6 (16.2)	6 (10.9)
Differentiated types1, n (%)			0.487
HIN	25 (67.6)	39 (70.9)
Well-differentiation	7 (18.9)	13 (23.6)
Intermediate differentiation	2 (5.4)	2 (3.6)
Poor differentiation	3 (8.1)	1 (1.8)
Smoking history, n (%)			0.313
Yes	10 (27.0)	10 (18.2)
No	27 (73.0)	45 (81.8)
Lymphovascular infiltration, n (%)1			0.402
Present	1 (2.7)	0 (0)
Absent	36 (97.3)	55 (100)
Family history of cancer1, n (%)			0.698
Yes	2 (5.4)	5 (9.1)
No	35 (94.6)	50 (90.9)

¹Tested by Fisher exact test.

SGK3: Serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 3; HIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia.

Table 2 Prognosis outcomes in the serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 3 normal and overexpression groups

Prognosis factors, n (%)	SGK3 normal, n = 37	SGK3 overexpression, n = 55	P value
Tumor recurrence1, n (%)			0.306
Present	2 (5.4)	8 (14.5)
Absent	35 (94.6)	47 (85.5)
Metastasis1, n (%)			0.402
Present	1 (2.7)	0 (0)
Absent	36 (97.3)	55 (100)
Death1, n (%)			0.031
Yes	3 (8.1)	15 (27.3)
No	34 (91.9)	40 (72.7)

¹Tested by Fisher exact test.

SGK3: Serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 3.

Table 3 Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for all-cause mortality between serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 3 normal and serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 3 overexpression

Model	HR (95%CI)	P value
Model 1	4.243 (1.219-14.773)	0.023
Model 2	3.648 (1.030-12.917)	0.045
Model 3	3.637 (1.028-12.866)	0.045
Model 4	4.729 (1.042-21.458)	0.044

Adjusted covariates: Model 1 = serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 3; Model 2 = model 1 + (age + sex); Model 3 = model 2 + (smoking history + family history of cancer); Model 4 = model 3 + (tumor location + tumor size + T stage + differentiated types). HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.