Effects of ethanol and sex on propionate metabolism evaluated via a faster 13C-propionate breath test in rats

Table 1 Body weight (g) in the ethanol-fed rat and control rat groups

	ER (n = 16)	CR (n = 16)	P value
Male (n = 16)	313.0 (18.4)	358.5 (37.5)	0.0082a
Female (n = 16)	162.5 (14.9)	190.6 (18.7)	0.005a

^aP < 0.05.

Data are presented as mean (SD). CR: Control rat; ER: Ethanol-fed rat.

Table 2 Propionate breath test results in male and female rats

	Male (n = 16)	Female (n = 16)	P value
Cmax	1478.0	1302.3	0.039a
5 min	381.8	412.5	0.358
10 min	838.6	837.4	0.983
15 min	1259.2	1114.1	0.049a
20 min	1455.7	1238.2	0.011a
25 min	1471.3	1267.9	0.007a
30 min	1418.5	1248.2	0.008a
35 min	1330.6	1197.1	0.010a
40 min	1240.3	1136.5	0.013a
45 min	1134.5	1075.9	0.035a
50 min	1044.7	994.6	0.050
55 min	959.9	918.8	0.083
60 min	884.2	845.6	0.309

^aP < 0.05.

Table 3 Propionate breath test results in the ethanol-fed rat and control rat groups

	Male			Female
	CR (n = 8)	ER (n = 8)	P value	CR (n = 8)	ER (n = 8)	P value
Cmax	1422.8	1533.1	0.192	1366.1	1238.5	0.401
5 min	345.8	417.9	0.080	410.8	414.2	0.950
10 min	752.3	924.9	0.0008a	867.6	807.3	0.552
15 min	1186.1	1332.5	0.023a	1203.2	1025	0.160
20 min	1402.3	1509.1	0.186	1324.7	1151.7	0.223
25 min	1402.1	152.6	0.235	1334.5	1201.4	0.462
30 min	1379.9	1457	0.348	1296.8	1199.7	0.753
35 min	1313.9	46	0.629	1237.2	1157.1	0.753
40 min	1223.2	1257.3	0.565	1179.2	1093.8	0.529
45 min	1126.6	1142.3	0.756	1131.3	1020.6	0.208
50 min	1051.8	1037.5	0.724	1050.4	938.7	0.172
55 min	974.2	945.6	0.436	976.4	861.3	0.142
60 min	904.1	864.4	0.256	898.9	792.3	0.110

^aP < 0.05.

CR: Control rat; ER: Ethanol-fed rat.

Table 4 Effects of ethanol and sex on serum vitamin B₁₂ (pg/mL)

	Male (n = 16)	Female (n = 16)	P value1	Total (n = 32)
All (n = 32)	884.0 (124.8)	728.5 (123.3)	0.0013a	-
ER (n = 16)	878.0 (152.5)	696.3 (152.5)	0.0323a	787.1 (175.1)
CR (n = 16)	890.0 (100.2)	760.8 (81.7)	0.0134a	825.4 (110.7)
P value2	0.8551	0.3117	-	0.4658

¹Comparison of males vs females.

²Comparison of Ethanol-fed rat vs Control rat.

^aP < 0.05.

Data are presented as mean (SD). CR: Control rat; ER: Ethanol-fed rat.

Table 5 Serum alanine transaminase (IU/L) levels

	ER (n = 16)	CR (n = 16)	P value
Total (n = 32)	55.7 (16.1)	79.3 (39.5)	0.0347a
Male (n = 16)	65.0 (16.8)	110.3 (32.3)	0.0034a
Female (n = 16)	46.4 (8.5)	48.3 (9.9)	0.6898

^aP < 0.05.

Data are presented as mean (SD). CR: Control rat; ER: Ethanol-fed rat.