Efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound in the evaluation of small gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Table 1 The modified National Institute of Health risk classification of small Gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Risk classification	Tumor diameter (d/cm)	Mitotic count (number/50 HPF)
Very-low	D ≤ 2	Mitotic ≤ 5
Intermediate	D ≤ 2	5 < mitotic ≤ 10
High	D ≤ 2	Mitotic > 10

HPF: High power field.

Table 2 Clinicopathological characteristics of the patients

Characteristics	Cases (n = 256)
Age (year)	57.4 ± 8.6
Sex, n (%)
Male	69 (27.0)
Female	187 (73.0)
Tumor location, n (%)
Cardia	6 (2.3)
Fundus	200 (78.1)
Body	44 (17.2)
Antrum	6 (2.4)
Endoscopic resection, n (%)
ESD	136 (53.1)
EFTR	120 (46.9)
Tumor size (cm), n (%)
≤ 1.48	208 (81.3)
>1.48	48 (18.7)
Mitotic index (/50HPF), n (%)
≤ 5	248 (96.9)
> 5	8 (3.1)
Modified NIH classification, n (%)
Very-low	232 (90.6)
Low	16 (6.3)
Intermediate	7 (2.7)
High	1 (0.4)
Positive EUS features, n (%)
Heterogenous	67 (65.1)
Hyperechoic foci	22 (8.6)
Lobular border	1 (0.4)
Ulceration	2 (0.8)

ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; EFTR: Endoscopic full-thickness resection; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; HPF: High power field; NIH: National Institute of Health.

Table 3 Comparisons of clinicopathological and endoscopic ultrasonographic features between ≤ 1.48 cm and > 1.48 cm groups

Characteristic	Tumor size
	≤ 1.48 cm group	> 1.48 cm group	P value
Age (year)	57.3 ± 8.6	58.2 ± 8.4	0.49
Sex			0.368
Men	59	10
Women	149	38
Tumor location			0.01
Fundus	168	32
Body	34	10
Antrum	4	2
Cardia	2	4
Mitotic index (/50 HPFs)			< 0.001
≤ 5	207	41
>5	1	7
Positive EUS features1			0.002
Yes	65	25
No	143	23

¹Marginal irregularity, cystic changes, ulcers, strong echo foci, and heterogeneity. EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; HPF: High power field.

Table 4 Comparisons of positive endoscopic ultrasonographic features between the pathologically non-low-risk group and low-risk group

Positive EUS features	Risk classification
	Intermediate/high	Very low/low	P value
Heterogeneous			0.031
Yes	5	62
No	3	186
Hyperechoic foci			NS
Yes	0	22
No	8	226
Ulcers			NS
Yes	0	2
No	8	246

EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; NS: No significant.