Update on endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy

Table 1 Comparison of liver biopsy methods¹

	Percutaneous liver biopsy	Transjugular liver biopsy	Endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy
Most common form of anesthesia	Local	Moderate sedation	Moderate sedation, deep sedation
Imaging	Fluoroscopy, ultrasound	Fluoroscopy	Ultrasound
Capsular puncture	Yes	No	Yes
Ability to evaluate focal hepatic lesions	No	No	Yes
Liver lobe access	Right	Right	Right, left
Contraindications	INR > 1.5, body habitus, significant ascites	Venous thrombosis, cholangitis	INR > 1.5
Post-procedural pain	+++	+	+
Post-procedural minor bleeding	+	+	+
Adverse event rate	+	+	+
Post-procedural recovery time	+++	++	+
Specimen length	+	+	+++
Total complete portal tracts	+	++	+++
Procedure cost	+	++	+++
Institutional availability	+++	++	+

¹Information adapted using the Ref. [10,17,18,21].

+: Low/less; ++: Medium; +++: High/most; INR: International normalized ratio.