Relationships of early esophageal cancer with human papillomavirus and alcohol metabolism

Table 1 Clinicopathological findings according to the human papillomavirus positive or negative, n (%)

	Total (n = 145)	HPV positive (n = 15)	HPV negative (n = 130)	P value
Sex
Male	119 (82.1)	12 (80.0)	107 (82.3)	0.73
Female	26 (17.9)	3 (20.0)	23 (17.7)
Age (yr), mean ± SD	66.3 ± 7.8	63.9 ± 9.3	66.6 ± 7.6	0.21
Tumor location
Cervical	1 (0.7)	1 (6.7)	0 (0)	0.059
Upper	22 (15.2)	0 (0)	22 (16.9)
Middle	85 (58.6)	11 (73.3)	74 (56.9)
Lower	36 (24.8)	3 (20.0)	33 (25.4)
Abdominal	1 (0.7)	0 (0)	1 (0.8)
Main macroscopic type
0-Is	1 (0.7)	0 (0)	1 (0.8)	0.045
0-IIa	16 (11.0)	5 (33.3)	11 (8.5)
0-IIb	43 (29.7)	4 (26.7)	39 (30.0)
0-IIc	85 (58.6)	6 (40.0)	79 (60.8)
Tumor size (mm), mean (SD)	22.4 (10.6)	26.5 (12.7)	21.9 (10.3)	0.11
Depth of invasion
EP	53 (36.6)	5 (33.3)	48 (36.9)	0.74
LPM	66 (45.5)	7 (46.7)	59 (45.4)
MM	19 (13.1)	2 (13.3)	17 (13.1)
SM1	4 (2.8)	1 (6.7)	3 (2.3)
SM2	3 (2.1)	0 (0)	3 (2.3)
Vascular invasion
Yes	6 (4.1)	2 (13.3)	4 (3.1)	0.12
No	139 (95.9)	13 (86.7)	126 (96.9)

EP: Epithelium; LPM: Lamina propria mucosae; MM: Muscularis mucosae; HPV: Human papillomavirus; SM1: ≤ 200 μm from MM; SM2: > 200 μm from MM.

Table 2 Relationships of human papillomavirus status according to ISH with risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, n (%)

HPV	ALDH2 genotype						P value
	*1/*2 (n = 93)			*1/*1 + *2/*2 (n = 52)
Positive (n = 15)	10 (10.8)			5 (9.6)			1.00
Negative (n = 130)	83 (89.3)			47 (90.4)
	ADH1B genotype
	*1/*1 (n = 25)			*2 carrier (n = 120)
Positive (n = 15)	3 (12.0)			12 (10.0)			0.72
Negative (n = 130)	22 (88.0)			108 (90.0)
	Alcohol consumption
	Light – Rare (n = 46)			Heavy – Moderate (n = 99)
Positive (n = 15)	4 (8.7)			11 (11.1)			0.68
Negative (n = 130)	42 (91.3)			88 (88.9)
	Smoking habits
	Light – Rare (n = 60)			Heavy (n = 85)
Positive (n = 15)	5 (8.3)			10 (11.8)			0.59
Negative (n = 130)	55 (91.7)			75 (88.2)
	Genotype combinations
	A	B	C		D	E
Positive (n = 15)	0 (0.0)	5 (10.9)	3 (15.0)		7 (9.6)	0 (0.0)	0.87
Negative (n = 130)	5 (100.0)	41 (89.1)	17 (85.0)		66 (90.4)	1 (100.0)

A: ADH1B genotype (*1/*1), ALDH2 genotype (*1/*1); B: ADH1B genotype (*2 carrier), ALDH2 genotype (*1/*1); C: ADH1B genotype (*1/*1), ALDH2 genotype (*1/*2); D: ADH1B genotype (*2 carrier), ALDH2 genotype (*1/*2); E: ADH1B genotype (Any), ALDH2 genotype (*2/*2).