Updated bone mineral density status in Saudi patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Table 1 Comparison of demographic characteristics and patients’ clinical profile in the Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis groups

Parameters	CD (62 pts)	UC (28 pts)	P value
Age (yr)	29.23 ± 7.58	33.22 ± 10.53	NS
Sex (males), n (%)	32 (52)	17 (61)	NS
Smoking (%)	10	29	NS
BMI (kg/m2)	22.2 ± 3.52	25.646 ± 2.87	< 0.05
Abdominal pain (%)	83	17	NS
Bloody diarrhea (%)	67	96	NS
Bleeding per rectum (%)	3	4	NS
Malabsorption syndrome (%)	19	0	< 0.05
Perianal disease (%)	59	4	NS
Weight loss (%)	11	0	< 0.05
Extraintestinal manifestations (%)	21	7	NS
Comorbidities (%)	8	18	NS
Previous IBD-related admission (n)	2.16 ± 1.48	0.7 ± 0.44	< 0.05
Previous related surgeries (%)	33	4	NS
Family history (%)	15	4	NS
Steroid therapy (%)	79	71	NS
Azathioprine (%)	82	37	NS
Mesalamine (%)	10	81	< 0.05
Anti-TNF therapy (%)	65	29	NS

CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; pts: Patients; BMI: Body mass index; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; NS: Not significant.

Table 2 Comparison of laboratory investigations of patients in the Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis groups

Parameters	CD (62 pts)	UC (28 pts)	P value
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	12.41 ± 2.4	12.54 ± 2.58	NS
WBC (× 109/L)	6.7 ± 1.1	7.302 ± 3.6	NS
Platelets (× 109/L)	333 ± 101	318 ± 121	NS
ALT (U/L)	13.61 ± 10.6	22.55 ± 28.48	NS
AST (U/L)	16.62 ± 8.38	20.69 ± 14.2	NS
ALP (U/L)	72.125 ± 29.02	84.434 ± 38.99	< 0.05
Albumin (g/L)	36.335 ± 6.44	38.13 ± 6.98	NS
Serum creatinine (µmol/L)	60.81 ± 16.15	62.96 ± 16.6	NS
Serum calcium (mmol/L)	2.25 ± 0.17	2.23 ± 0.13	NS
Phosphorus (µmol/L)	1.17 ± 0.34	1.19 ± 0.18	NS
PTT (s)	29.53 ± 0.65	32.09 ± 7.58	NS
PT (s)	12.457 ± 2.65	12.71 ± 1.73	NS
INR	1.32 ± 74.48	1.11 ± 0.23	NS
ESR (mm/h)	22.67 ± 19.33	29.256 ± 31.87	NS
CRP (> 3 mg/L) (%)	21	17	NS
Serum iron (µmol/L)	8.16 ± 6.24	9.423 ± 7.39	NS
TIBC (μg/dL)	46.985 ± 13.52	58.19 ± 20.12	NS
Ferritin (ng/mL)	30.25 ± 12.03	32.34 ± 9.25	NS
Serum vitamin D (ng/mL)	12.09 ± 10.8	12.85 ± 4.21	NS
Serum vitamin B12 (ng/mL)	231.32 ± 182.34	314.67 ± 62.43	< 0.05
Fecal calprotectin (μg/mg)	653 ± 265.13	1688.43 ± 426.79	< 0.05

CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; pts: Patients; WBC: White blood count; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; PTT: Partial thromboplastin time; PT: Prothrombin time; INR: International normalized ratio; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP: C-reactive protein; TIBC: Total iron-binding capacity; NS: Not significant.

Table 3 Comparison of dual x-ray energy absorptiometry-scan parameters in the Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis groups

Parameters	CD (62 pts)	UC (28 pts)	P value
Mean t-score femur	-0.94 ± 1.27	-0.51 ± 0.9	NS
Mean z-score femur	-0.67 ± 1.06	-0.33 ± 0.82	NS
Mean t-score lumbar	-0.97 ± 1.46	-0.49 ± 1.27	< 0.05
Mean z-score lumbar	-0.45 ± 1.32	-0.29 ± 1.26	NS
Mean lowest t-score	-1.35 ± 0.91	-0.84 ± 0.03	< 0.05
Osteopenia (%)1	37	25	< 0.05
Osteoporosis (%)1	19	7	< 0.05

¹Bone mineral density measurement is based on the lowest t-score. CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; pts: Patients; NS: Not significant.

Table 4 The lowest t-score in relation to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy in both study groups

Groups	mean ± SD		95%CI	P value
CD group
No anti-TNF-α	-1.10 ± 1.04		-1.56 to -0.63	0.98
Anti-TNF-α	-1.48 ± 1.23		-1.88 to -1.09
UC group
No anti-TNF-α	-0.74 ± 1.11		-1.25 to -0.22	0.185
Anti-TNF-α	-1.10 ± 0.87		-1.83 to -0.37

CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.