M2BPGi for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C treated with direct-acting antivirals

doi:10.3748/wjg.v26.i21.2864

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Jun 7, 2020; 26(21): 2864-2876
Published online Jun 7, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i21.2864

Table 1 Patients’ characteristics at baseline and sustained virologic response 12

Measures	Baseline	SVR12	P value
Age (yr)	52.3 ± 10.7
Gender	40 (50%) males and 40 (50%) females
BMI	28 ± 5.4
HCV RNA (log copies/mL)	6.0 ± 0.7	Non-detectable	0.000^b
Platelets count (× 10³/mL)	220.3 ± 65.3	245.3 ± 77.8	0.005^b
ALT (IU/L)	40.5 (29-54)	32 (26-38)	< 0.001^b
AST (IU/L)	39 (29-51)	30 (24-37)	< 0.001^b
ALP (IU/L)	138.5 (95.5-196)	107 (86-141)	< 0.001^b
Albumin (g/dL)	3.8 ± 0.3	4.2 ± 0.4	< 0.001^b
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.7 (0.5-0.8)	0.7 (0.5-0.95)	0.8
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.86 ± 0.19	0.75 ± 0.23	0.002^b
INR	1.06 ± 0.09	1.08 ± 0.15	0.222
AFP (ng/mL)	4.5 ± 2.1	3.7 ± 1.9	0.128
LSM (kPa)	11.4 ± 4.5	9.5 ± 3.3	0.002^b
FIB-4 score	1.8 ± 0.5	1.3 ± 0.7	< 0.001^b
PAPAS index	2.2 ± 0.5	2.1 ± 0.3	0.010^a
Serum M2BPGi (ng/mL)	9 ± 3.8	6.7 ± 2.3	< 0.001^b

The values are expressed as mean ± SD or median (IQR).

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01. SVR: Sustained virologic response; WBC: White blood cell count; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; INR: International normalized ratio; AFP: Alpha fetoprotein; LSM; Liver stiffness measurement; M2BPGi: Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer.

Table 2 Liver stiffness measurements of all patients at baseline and sustained virologic response 12

Total baseline	Changes in the fibrosis grade at SVR12
Total baseline	F0-1 (%)	F2 (%)	F3 (%)	F4 (%)
F0-1 29 (36.3%)	23 (79.3)	5 (17.2)	1 (3.4)	0 (0.0)
F2 20 (25%)	10 (50)	10 (50)	0 (0.0)	0 (10)
F3 5 (6.3%)	1 (20)	2 (40)	1 (20)	1 (20)
F4 26 (32.5%)	1 (3.8)	6 (23.1)	4 (15.4)	15 (57.7)
Total SVR12	35 (43.7)	23 (28.7)	6 (7.5)	16 (20)

Total patients number = 80. The values are expressed as numbers (%). SVR: Sustained virologic response.

Table 3 Non-invasive assessment data obtained at baseline and sustained virologic response 12 from patients stratified according to the fibrosis grade

Parameter					P value
Baseline (Total n = 80)	F0-1 (n = 29)	F2 (n = 20)	F3 (n = 5)	F4 (n = 26)
LSM (kPa)	5.9 ± 0.6	7.8 ± 0.5	10.8 ± 1.2	20.6 ± 7.7	< 0.001^b
FIB-4 score	1.7 ± 1.4	1.4 ± 0.7	1.8 ± 0.4	2.3 ± 1.5	0.108
PAPAS index	2.1 ± 0.4	2.2 ± 0.6	2.3 ± 0.3	2.3 ± 0.5	0.303
Serum M2BPGi (ng/mL)	4.5 ± 2.2	5.3 ± 2.8	9.4 ± 4	14.5 ± 6.7	0.001^b
SVR 12 (Total n = 80)	F0-1 (n = 35)	F2 (n = 23)	F3 (n = 6)	F4 (n = 16)
LSM (kPa)	5.8 ± 1.2	7.6 ± 0.6	9.9 ± 0.8	15 ± 2.3	< 0.001^b
FIB-4 score	1.1 ± 0.5	1.5 ± 1	1.3 ± 0.6	1.6 ± 0.5	0.075
PAPAS index	2 ± 0.3	2.1 ± 0.3	2.1 ± 0.3	2.3 ± 0.3	0.069
Serum M2BPGi (ng/mL)	3.4 ± 1.6	4.9 ± 2.1	12.7 ± 5.1	13.3 ± 5.2	0.001^b

^bP < 0.01. The values are expressed as mean ± SD. SVR: Sustained virologic response; LSM: Liver stiffness measurement; M2BPGi: Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer.

Table 4 Correlations of serum Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer levels with laboratory data

Variables	Baseline		SVR12
Variables	r	P value	r	P value
Age	0.050	0.662	0.107	0.346
BMI	-0.007	0.951	0.057	0.617
HCV RNA	0.043	0.702	0.025	0.827
Hb	0.143	0.205	0.131	0.246
WBC	0.047	0.677	-0.152	0.178
Platelets count	-0.118	0.297	-0.299	0.007^b
ALT	-0.090	0.425	-0.129	0.256
AST	-0.227	0.043^a	0.006	0.961
ALP	-0.024	0.831	0.106	0.350
Albumin	0.016	0.888	0.070	0.535
Total bilirubin	0.268	0.016^a	0.111	0.326
Creatinine	0.158	0.162	0.088	0.439
INR	0.063	0.582	0.220	0.049^a
AFP	-0.098	0.388	0.026	0.822

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01. SVR: Sustained virologic response; BMI: Body mass index; Hb: Haemoglobin; WBC: White blood cell count; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; INR: International normalized ratio; AFP: Alpha fetoprotein.

Table 5 Correlations between non-invasive assessment methods at baseline and sustained virologic response 12

Variables		LSM	Serum M2BPGi	FIB-4 score
At baseline
Serum M2BPGi level	r	0.453
Serum M2BPGi level	P value	< 0.001^b
FIB-4 score	r	0.328	-0.099
FIB-4 score	P value	0.003^b	0.384
PAPAS index	r	0.110	-0.049	0.444
PAPAS index	P value	0.330	0.664	< 0.001^b
At SVR12
Serum M2BPGi level	r	0.517
Serum M2BPGi level	P value	< 0.001^b
FIB-4 score	r	0.231	0.188
FIB-4 score	P value	0.039^a	0.095
PAPAS index	r	0.328	0.185	0.188
PAPAS index	P value	0.003^b	0.100	0.095

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01. SVR: Sustained virologic response; LSM: Liver stiffness measurement; M2BPGi: Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer.

Citation: Saleh SA, Salama MM, Alhusseini MM, Mohamed GA. M2BPGi for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C treated with direct-acting antivirals. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26(21): 2864-2876
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v26/i21/2864.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i21.2864