Effectiveness of very low-volume preparation for colonoscopy: A prospective, multicenter observational study

Table 1 Baseline patients’ characteristics

	Overall (n = 1289)	4 L PEG (Selgesse®) (n = 490)	2 L PEG (Moviprep® or Clensia®) (n = 566)	1 L PEG (Plenvu®) (n = 233)
Sex, n (%)
Male	681 (52.8)	268 (54.7)	291 (51.4)	122 (52.4)
Female	608 (47.2)	222 (45.3)	275 (48.6)	111 (47.6)
Age, years, mean ± SD	60.5 ± 14.1	61.1 ± 14.1	60.5 ± 13.5	59.5 ± 15.9
Age group, n (%)
< 65 yr	708 (55.2)	259 (53.1)	318 (56.5)	131 (56.5)
≥ 65 yr	575 (44.8)	229 (46.9)	245 (43.5)	101 (43.5)
Race group
White or Caucasian	1254 (97.3%)	479 (97.8%)	550 (97.2%)	225 (96.6%)
Other	35 (2.7%)	11 (2.2%)	16 (2.8%)	8 (3.4%)
Weight, kg, mean ± SD	72.3 ± 14.6	73.3 ± 14.4	72.0 ± 15.4	71.1 ± 13.0
Height, cm, mean ± SD	165.8 ± 9.0	165.9 ± 9.8	165.6 ± 8.5	166.3 ± 8.7
BMI, mean ± SD	26.2 ± 4.6	26.6 ± 4.6	26.2 ± 4.9	25.6 ± 4.0
Obesity	236 (18.3%)	101 (20.6%)	105 (18.6%)	30 (12.9%)
Chronic constipation	215 (16.7%)	84 (17.1%)	101 (17.8%)	30 (12.9%)
Diabetes	144 (11.2%)	68 (13.9%)	62 (11.0%)	14 (6.0%)
Hypertension	492 (38.2%)	218 (44.5%)	223 (39.4%)	51 (21.9%)
Chronic renal failure	30 (2.3%)	11 (2.2%)	12 (2.1%)	7 (3.0%)
Colonoscopy indication, n (%)
Screening	443 (34.4%)	159 (32.5%)	201 (35.5%)	83 (35.6%)
Surveillance	303 (23.5%)	128 (26.1%)	121 (21.4%)	54 (23.2%)
Diagnostic	543 (42.1%)	203 (41.4%)	244 (43.1%)	96 (41.2%)

PEG: Polyethylene glycol.

Table 2 Logistics multiple regression model estimates for overall cleansing success

Predictors	Odds ratios	95%CI	P value
Female gender	1.00	0.75-1.34	0.975
Age, yr	0.99	0.98-1.00	0.024
BMI	0.98	0.95-1.01	0.217
Diabetes (absence)	1.55	1.01-2.38	0.046
Hypertension	1.35	0.97-1.89	0.077
Chronic constipation (absence)	1.11	0.77-1.61	0.578
Previous adequate cleansing	2.23	1.30-3.85	0.004
Preparation (ref = 4 L PEG)
2 L PEG	0.89	0.66-1.20	0.458
1 L PEG	1.60	0.91-2.80	0.099
Preparation (ref = 2 L PEG)
4 L PEG	1.12	0.83-1.51	0.458
1 L PEG	1.79	1.04-3.08	0.035
Afternoon-morning split regimen	2.52	1.62-3.92	< 0.001
Low fiber diet ≥ 3 d	2.49	1.71-3.64	< 0.001
Time lag ≤ 5 h	2.35	1.34-4.10	0.003

BMI: Body mass index; PEG: Polyethylene glycol.

Table 3 Logistics multiple regression model estimates for high-quality cleansing of the right colon

Predictors	Odds ratios	95%CI	P value
Female Gender	1.25	0.91-1.72	0.169
Age, yr	1.00	0.99-1.01	0.927
BMI	0.98	0.95-1.02	0.336
Diabetes (absence)	1.93	1.02-3.65	0.043
Hypertension	1.00	0.69-1.44	0.983
Chronic constipation (absence)	0.70	0.47-1.04	0.080
Previous adequate cleansing	1.06	0.52-2.18	0.863
Preparation (ref = 4 L PEG)
2 L PEG	0.50	0.34-0.74	< 0.001
1 L PEG	1.58	1.02-2.44	0.041
Preparation (ref = 2 L PEG)
4 L PEG	1.99	1.35-2.91	< 0.001
1 L PEG	3.13	2.08-4.72	< 0.001
Afternoon-morning split regimen	3.33	2.19-5.06	< 0.001
Low fiber diet ≥ 3 d	0.99	0.63-1.56	0.967
Time lag ≤ 5 h	1.22	0.81-1.83	0.337

BMI: Body mass index; PEG: Polyethylene glycol.

Table 4 Multiple regression model estimates for tolerability of bowel preparation

Predictors	Estimates	95%CI	P value
Female Gender	-0.51	-0.72, -0.30	< 0.001
Age, yr	-0.00	-0.01-0.01	0.858
BMI	-0.00	-0.02-0.02	0.889
Diabetes (absence)	0.12	-0.22-0.46	0.489
Hypertension	0.25	-0.04-0.49	0.084
Chronic constipation (absence)	-0.20	-0.48-0.07	0.153
Previous adequate cleansing	0.65	0.19-1.10	0.006
Preparation (ref = 4 L PEG)
2 L PEG	-0.15	-0.37-0.08	0.204
1 L PEG	0.57	0.25-0.90	0.001
Preparation (ref = 2 L PEG)
4 L PEG	0.15	-0.08-0.37	0.204
1 L PEG	0.72	0.41-1.03	< 0.001
Afternoon-morning split regimen	0.36	0.06-0.66	0.019
Low fiber diet ≥ 3 d	0.16	-0.09-0.41	0.219

BMI: Body mass index; PEG: Polyethylene glycol.