Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019.
World J Gastroenterol. Aug 21, 2019; 25(31): 4360-4382
Published online Aug 21, 2019. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i31.4360
Table 1 Outcome of transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and different portal vein tumor thrombosis grades
First author, yearPatients (patients)TreatmentPVTT Class (Vp)Median survival time(mo)1-yr survival rate2-yr survival rate3-yr survival rate5-yr survival rate
Okazaki M, 1991163TACEVp 2 (48) Vp 3 (56) Vp 4 (59)4.3 mo 4 mo 3.8 mo----
Chung JW, 199583TACEVp 3,4 (83)6 mo30%18%9%-
Georgiades CS, 200532TACEVp 3,4 (32)9.5 mo25%---
Luo J, 201184TACEVp 1,2 (40) Vp 3 (44)10.2 mo 5.3 mo30.9% 3.8%9.2% 0%--
Niu ZJ, 2012115TACEVp 1 (12) Vp 2 (52) Vp 3 (42) Vp 4 (9)19 11 7.1 427.8%6%--
Peng ZW, 2012402TACEVp 1 (54) Vp 2 (136) Vp 3 (166) Vp 4 (46)-41.1% 37.9% 36.1% 30.4%-8.9% 6% 4.2% 4.3%3.6% 0% 0% 0%
Ajit Y, 2014TACE6.2 mo-22%--
Liu L, 2014188TACEVp 1,2 (98) Vp 3 (90)638%17%3%-
Liu PH, 2014181TACEVp 1,2 (181)-60%-42%33%
Chern MC, 201450TACEVp 1,2,3,46.2 mo (range, 1.7–50.9 mo)22%10%8%-
Tawada A, 201481TACEVp 1,2,3,4NA45%23%20%-
Ye JZ, 2014338TACE (86 patients)Vp 1,2,3,47.0 mo17.5%0%0%-
Tan X, 2015116TACE (64 patients) TACE+PVE (52 patients)Type I, II, III (according to Shi et al)27.7 mo60.9% 80.7%41% 59%25% 36.5%0% 11.5%
Table 2 Main studies on the outcome of radiotherapy alone or combined with other treatments in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and different portal vein tumor thrombosis grades
First author, yearPatients (patients)TreatmentPVTT Class (Vp)Response rateSurvival rate(yr)Mean survival time(mo)
Tazawa, 200124RT (50 Gy)+TACEVp3,450%NA9.7 mo
Yamada, 20018RT (30 Gy)Vp337.5%NANA
Ishikura, 200220TACE+RT (50 Gy)Vp350%25% (1-yr)5.3 mo
Yamada K, 200319TACE and 3D-RT (30Gy)Vp357.9%40.6%(1-yr), 10.2% (2-yr)7 mo
Nakagawa, 2005523D-CRT (39-60 Gy)Vp2,3,4NA5.1% (5-yr)NA
Kim DY, 2005593D-CRT (39-70.2 Gy)Vp3,445.8%20.7% (2-yr)10.7 mo
Hata, 200512Proton-beam therapy (50-72 Gy)Vp3,4100%88% (2-yr) 58% (5-yr)27 mo
Lin CS, 2006433D-CRT (21patients) Conventional Rtp (22 patients)Vp3,483% 75%NA NA6.7 mo 6.0 mo
Hsu WC, 2006533D-CRT+thalidomideVp3,450%84.8% (6mo), 60.0% (1-yr), 44.6% (2-yr)24.0 mo
Nakazawa, 200732RTVp3-4, Vv2-348%38.0% (1-yr), 20.7% (2-yr)10.0 mo
Toya, 2007383D-CRT (23.4-59.5 Gy)Vp NA44.7%39.4% (1-yr)9.6 mo (OS)
Shirai, 2009263D-CRT using SPECTVp3,430.7%30% (2-yr)10.3 mo
Kang, 2013101RT+TACE TACE+RTVp NA70.3%A) 58.8% (1-yr), 29.4% (2-yr) B) 54.1% (1-yr), 27.0% (2-yr)17 mo 15 mo
Nakazawa, 2014973D-CRT (30-56 Gy)Vp3,445%NA10.9 mo
Lee, 2014463D-CRT (35-60 Gy)Vp3,432.6%66.8% (1-yr)NA
Table 3 Selected studies concerning the outcome of resective surgery in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and different portal vein tumor thrombosis grades
First author, yearPatients (patients)PVTT Class (Vp)Mortality5-yr survival rateMedian survival time (mo)
Yamaoka, 1992293-411%11.6% (3-yr)NA
Ikai, 1998263 4NA11% 4%NA
Ohkubo, 2000472-3-40%23.9%14 mo
Wu, 200097 151-2-3 43.1% 0%28.5% 26.4%NA NA
Poon, 2003203-4, Vv25.7%13.3%6.0 mo
Ikai et al, 2004 (21,711 patients treated from 1989 to 1999)17,867 1609 672 6790 1 2 3-4NA56.5% 34.4% 27.0% 17.3%NA
Pawlik, 20051023, Vv 2-35.9%10%11 mo
Ikai, 2006783-43.8%10.9%8.9 mo
Chen, 2007286 1521-3 4NA 2.6%18.1% 0%10.1 mo
Le Treut, 2006263-4, Vv2-311.5%13%9.0 mo
Zhou, 20063812-3-4NA12%NA
Shi, 2011144 189 86 221 2 3 4NA26.7% (3-yr) 16.9% (3-yr) 3.7% (3-yr) 0% (3-yr)NA
Inoue et al. 20092040%39.0%NA
Ban, 2009453 40% 0%41.8% 20.920.0 mo
Kondo, 2009540%0%8.0 mo
Ikai et al 2010 (25,066 patients treated from 1994 to 2005)20,195 1978 820 1,0210 1 2 3-4NA59.0% 39.1% 23.3% 18.3%NA
Shi, 2010169 783 40.6% 0%17.7% (3-yr) 3.6% (3-yr)15.0 mo 10.0 mo
Wang, 201325Vv30%13.5%NA
Chok, 2013881-2-3-43.3%11.2-14.3%NA
Pesi, 201515 5 21 8 31 2 3 Vv2 Vv3NA53.3% 30.1% 20.0% NA NANA
Xu, 201516 40A B100% NA0% 5.2%NA
Kokudo, 20161772 1475 1942 12851 2 3 4NANA2.67 yr 1.51 yr 0.78 yr 0.50 yr
Kudo, 20161908 714 8521 2 3-4NA48.2% 29.2% 25.05NA