Self-expandable metal stents in patients with postoperative delayed gastric emptying after distal gastrectomy

Table 1 Baseline characteristics n (%)

Variable	Number of patients
Sex
Male	13 (65)
Female	7 (35)
Comorbidity
DM	6 (30)
HTN	7 (35)
Psychological disorder	3 (15)
Histologic type
Well differentiated	3 (15)
Moderately differentiated	5 (25)
Poorly differentiated	12 (60)
Tumor location
Body	9 (45)
Antrum	11 (55)
Operation method
LADG, B-I	10 (50)
LADG, B-II	10 (50)

DM: Diabetes mellitus; HTN: Hypertension; LADG: Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy; B-I: Billroth-I; B-II: Billroth-II.

Table 2 Baseline gastric outlet obstruction scoring system score and obstructive symptoms n (%)

Characteristic	Number of patients
GOOSS score
No oral intake (0)	5 (25)
Only liquid diet (1)	10 (50)
Soft solid diet (2)	5 (25)
Low residue or normal diet (3)	0 (0)
Obstructive symptom
Abdominal pain
None	7 (35)
Moderate	12 (60)
Severe	1 (5)
Vomiting
None	5 (25)
Moderate	10 (50)
Severe	5 (25)
Nausea
None	3 (15)
Moderate	11 (55)
Severe	6 (30)
Regurgitation
None	5 (25)
Moderate	10 (50)
Severe	5 (25)

GOOSS: Gastric outlet obstruction scoring system.

Table 3 Comparison of details between patients

Patient No.	Tumor location	Operation type	Stent type	Duration for Symptom improvement	Stent patency	Duration from operation to stent placement	Hospital stay after stent insertion	Total hospital stay
1	Antrum	LADG (B-I)	90-mm covered stent	2	758	17	7	31
2	Antrum	LADG (B-I)	90-mm covered-stent	3	80	25	5	34
3	Mid body	LADG (B-I)	70-mm covered stent	1	2114	28	7	38
4	Low body	LADG (B-II)	90-mm covered stent	2	54	27	6	35
5	Low body	LADG (B-I)	90-mm covered stent	2	17	31	3	36
6	Body	LADG (B-II)	70-mm covered stent	6	6	26	10	37
7	Antrum	LADG (B-II)	110-mm covered stent	5	194	23	13	42
8	Body	LADG (B-I)	90-mm covered stent	3	9	28	12	42
9	Antrum	LADG (B-II)	70-mm covered stent	2	14	14	4	25
10	Antrum	LADG (B-II)	90-mm covered stent	1	98	12	5	21
11	Antrum	LADG (B-I)	90-mm covered stent	5	8	24	8	35
12	Low body	LADG (B-I)	70-mm covered stent	1	1675	7	2	21
13	Body	LADG (B-II)	110-mm covered stent	2	24	14	6	23
14	Antrum	LADG (B-II)	90-mm covered stent	2	40	9	8	25
15	Antrum	LADG (B-I)	90-mm covered stent	1	51	15	3	20
16	Antrum	LADG (B-II)	90-mm covered stent	1	42	23	2	27
17	Body	LADG (B-II)	90-mm covered stent	1	64	11	21	35
18	Body	LADG (B-I)	90-mm covered stent	1	23	21	3	31
19	Antrum	LADG (B-II)	90-mm covered stent	1	4	9	9	19
20	Antrum	LADG (B-II)	70-mm covered stent	0	52	9	2	21

LADG: Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy; B-I: Billroth-I; B-II: Billroth-II.

Table 4 Change in severity of obstructive symptoms (abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, and regurgitation) after stent placement

Characteristics	1 yr	2 yr	3 yr	4 yr	5 yr
Number of patients available for follow-up	15	10	8	7	3
Patients with all symptoms maintained or improved compared with baseline (%)	93	90	100	100	100
Patients with any symptom worsening compared to baseline (%)	7	10	0	0	0

Table 5 Gastrointestinal events after self-expandable metallic stent insertion

Adverse event	Total number of events	% of patients	Stent-related events	% of patients
Stent occlusion	0	0	0	0
GI bleeding	0	0	0	0
Bowel perforation	0	0	0	0
Severe abdominal pain	2	11.1	0	0
Stent migration	15	83.3	15	93.7
Stent fracture	1	5.6	1	6.3
Total	18	100	16	100

GI: Gastrointestinal.