Early prediction of survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization plus sorafenib

Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics and comparison of disease control rate between different baseline characteristics

Characteristic	Overall (n = 95)	CR + PR + SD (n = 60)	DCR (63.2)	P value2
Sex				1.000
Male	88	56	63.6
Female	7	4	57.1
Age (yr)1	48.2 ± 11			0.390
< 60	80	52	65
≥ 60	15	8	53.3
α-fetoprotein level (ng/mL)				0.822
< 400	42	26	61.9
≥ 400	53	34	64.2
ECOG performance				0.752
0	66	41	62.1
1	29	19	65.5
Hepatitis B				0.745
No	5	4	80
Yes	90	56	62.2
Previous TACE				0.019
No	58	42	72.4
Yes	37	18	48.6
Ascites				0.719
Absent	52	32	61.5
Present	43	28	65.1
Child-Pugh classification				0.373
A	80	49	61.3
B	15	11	73.3
PVTT				0.010
Absent	49	37	75.5
Present	46	23	50
Extrahepatic metastasis				0.103
No	69	47	68.1
Yes	26	13	50
Number of tumor				0.952
1	16	10	62.5
≥ 2	79	50	63.3
Maximum tumor diameter (cm)1	9.5 ± 4.5			1.000
≤ 3	9	6	66.7
> 3	86	54	62.8

¹Data are mean ± SD;

²Determined by χ² test. CR: Complete response; PR: Partial response; SD: Stable disease; DCR: Disease control rate; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; PVTT: Portal vein tumor thrombus; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer.

Table 2 Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for overall survival

Factor	HR (95%CI)	P value
Sex (Male/Female)	1/0.723 (0.314-1.666)	0.446
Age (< 60/≥ 60 yr)	1/1.233 (0.698-2.179)	0.470
α-fetoprotein (< 400/≥ 400 ng/mL)	1/1.279 (0.821-1.995)	0.277
ECOG performance (0/1)	1/1.058 (0.645-1.735)	0.824
Hepatitis B (No/Yes)	1/2.665 (0.653-10.874)	0.172
Previous TACE (No/Yes)	1/2.997 (1.831-4.903)	< 0.001
Ascites (Absent/ Present)	1/1.440 (0.922-2.250)	0.109
Child-Pugh classification (A/B)	1/1.342 (0.751-2.400)	0.321
PVTT (Absent/ Present)	1/2.678 (1.697-4.227)	< 0.001
Absent	1.000
Main PVTT	19.206 (8.436-43.727)	< 0.001
Branch PVTT	2.246 (1.386-3.639)	0.001
Extrahepatic metastasis (No/Yes)	1/1.910 (1.182-3.087)	0.008
Number of tumor (1/≥ 2)	1/1.125 (0.620-2.043)	0.698
Maximum tumor diameter (≤ 3/> 3 cm)	1/1.029 (0.472-2.244)	0.944
Early disease control (No/Yes)	1/0.362 (0.227-0.577)	< 0.001

Table 3 Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for overall survival

Factor	HR (95%CI)	P value
Previous TACE
No	1
Yes	2.552 (1.477-4.412)	0.001
PVTT
Absent	1
Present	2.582 (1.608-4.146)	< 0.001
Early disease control
No	1
Yes	0.564 (0.339-0.936)	0.027
Extrahepatic metastasis
No	1
Yes	1.193 (0.680-2.092)	0. 538

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; PVTT: Portal vein tumor thrombus; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization.

Table 4 Adverse events related to sorafenib

Adverse event	All events	Grade 1-2 events	Grade 3 or higher events
Hand-foot skin reactions	78 (82.1)	67 (70.5)	11 (11.6)
Diarrhea	71 (74.7)	62 (65.3)	9 (9.5)
Hypertension	10 (10.5)	8 (8.4)	2 (2.1)
Alopecia	29 (30.5)	29 (30.5)	0
Fatigue	29 (30.5)	29 (30.5)	0
Voice change	1 (1.1)	1 (1.1)	0
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage	7 (7.4)	0	7 (7.4)
Epistaxis	1 (1.1)	1 (1.1)	0

Data shown are number of events. Percentages are in parentheses and were calculated by using number of patients as denominator n (%).

Table 5 Adverse events related to transarterial chemoembolization

Adverse event	All events	Grade 1-2 events	Grade 3 or higher events
New ascites	25 (26.3)	18 (19.0)	7 (7.3)
Liver dysfunction	30 (31.6)	22 (23.2)	8 (8.4)
Pleural effusion	10 (10.5)	8 (8.4)	2 (2.1)
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis	6 (6.3)	3 (3.2)	3 (3.2)
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage	6 (6.3)		6 (6.3)
Inguinal haematoma	5 (5.3)	5 (5.3)
Hepatorenal syndrome	1 (1.1)		1 (1.1)
Ischemic cholecystitis	1 (1.1)		1 (1.1)

Data shown are number of events. Percentages are in parentheses and were calculated by using number of patients as denominator n (%).