Efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 311 lesions treated with endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection n (%)

Category	ESTD (n = 311)
Sex, male/female	213/98
Age, yr, mean (range)	61.4 ± 8.1 (40-83)
Tumor location
Upper third	24 (7.72)
Middle third	200 (64.31)
Lower third	87 (27.97)
Paris classification
0-I	18 (5.79)
0-IIa	111 (35.69)
0-IIb	94 (30.23)
0-IIc	35 (11.25)
0-IIa-IIc	50 (16.08)
0-III	3 (0.96)
Circumferential level
≤ 1/4	11 (3.54)
≤ 1/2	163 (52.41)
≤ 3/4	65 (20.90)
≤ 7/8	41 (13.18)
≤ 1	31 (9.97)

ESTD: Endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection.

Table 2 Pre-endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection and post-endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection pathology n (%)

Pathology	Pre-ESTD	Post-ESTD	Pre-ESTD and Post-ESTD coincidence
Inflammation	0	3 (0.96)	0
LGIN	67 (21.54)	43 (13.83)	36 (11.57)
HGIN	159 (51.13)	52 (16.72)	37 (11.90)
M1	74 (23.79)	74 (23.79)	18 (5.79)
M2	11 (3.54)	47 (15.11)	3 (0.96)
M3	0	51 (16.40)	0
SM1	0	23 (7.40)	0
> SM1	0	18 (5.79)	0

ESTD: Endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection; LGIN: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia; HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia; M1: Carcinoma in situ; M2: Carcinoma infiltrated to laminae propria; M3: Carcinoma infiltrated to muscularis mucosae; SM1: Submucosal invasion < 200 μm; SM2: Submucosal invasion > 200 μm.

Table 3 Endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection procedure characteristics n (%)

Category	ESTD (n = 311)
Specimen area, cm2, mean ± SD	14.1 ± 3.6
Tumor width diameter, cm, mean ± SD	3.1 ± 0.6
Tumor length diameter, cm, mean ± SD	4.2 ± 0.9
Procedure time, min, mean ± SD	102.4 ± 35.3
Dissection speed, mm2/ min, mean ± SD	18.6 ± 2.1
En bloc resection	308 (99.04)
R0 resection	259 (81.28)
Curative resection	244 (78.46)
Hospitalization day, d, mean ± SD	10.3 ± 2.8
Hospitalization expense, dollars, mean ± SD	3766.5 ± 846.5

ESTD: Endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection.

Table 4 Endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection-related complications n (%)

Category	ESTD (n = 311)
Post-operative infection	30 (9.65)
Bleeding
Intraoperative bleeding	20 (6.43)
Postoperative bleeding	5 (1.61)
Muscular injury	98 (31.51)
Perforation	6 (1.93)
Esophageal stricture	46 (14.79)
Positive margin
Horizontal margin	35 (11.25)
Vertical margin	10 (3.22)
Horizontal and vertical margin	4 (1.29)
Lymphovascular invasion	12 (3.86)

ESTD: Endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection.