Chitinase 3-like 1 secreted by peritumoral macrophages in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a favorable prognostic factor for survival

Table 1 Levels of chitinase 3-like 1 and clinical and laboratory characteristics of 150 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients

Characteristics	No. of patients	Levels of CHI3L1
		Low	High	P value
All	150	97	53
Age				0.009
Median	60
Range	30-96
< 60	81	60	21
≥ 60	69	37	32
Sex				0.713
Male	113	74	39
Female	37	23	14
Smoking status				0.514
Smoker	99	66	33
Non-smoker	49	30	19
Alcohol intake				0.984
Yes	56	36	20
No	90	58	32
Grade				0.736
Grade 1	24	16	8
Grade 2	57	36	21
Grade 3	41	29	12
T status				0.886
pT 1/2	31	21	10
pT 3/4	113	75	38
N status				0.154
pN 0	63	46	17
pN 1/2/3	81	50	31
M status				0.156
pM 0	112	78	34
pM 1	32	18	14
Stage				0.712
I–II	51	35	16
III-IV	93	61	32
SCCA				0.539
≤ 1.5	101	67	34
> 1.5	49	30	19
CEA				0.389
≤ 5.0	132	87	45
> 5.0	18	10	8
Treatment				0.138
Surgery	73	49	24
Chemoradiotherapy	57	37	20
Chemotherapy	11	4	7

CHI3L1: Chitinase 3-like 1; SCCA: Squamous cell carcinoma antigen; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis of overall survival

Variables	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Age	0.989	0.970-1.009	0.271	-	-	-
Sex	0.489	0.293-0.815	0.006	0.346	0.154-0.776	0.010
Smoke status	0.745	0.595-0.932	0.010	1.071	0.761-1.507	0.694
Alcohol intake	0.817	0.546-1.223	0.327	-	-	-
G grade	1.131	0.836-1.530	0.533	-	-	-
TNM stage	2.001	1.564-2.560	< 0.001	1.755	1.288-2.390	< 0.001
CHI3L1	1.002	1.001-1.004	0.011	1.004	1.002-1.005	< 0.001
SCCA	1.065	1.028-1.104	< 0.001	1.056	1.013-1.100	0.010
CEA	1.048	0.972-1.130	0.224	-	-	-
Treatment	1.402	1.218-1.613	< 0.001	1.167	0.979-1.391	0.084

Variables: Age, ≥ 60 vs < 60; gender, female vs male; smoke, smoker vs non-smoker; alcohol intake, yes vs no; grade, grade 3 vs grade 2 vs grade 1; stage, IV vs III vs II vs treatment, surgery vs chemotherapy vs chemoradiotherapy; -: Represent “date not available”. CHI3L1: Chitinase 3-like 1; SCCA: Squamous cell carcinoma antigen; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.