Characteristics and outcomes of cholangiocarcinoma by region in Thailand: A nationwide study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma patients diagnosed between 2009 and 2013 n (%)

Variable	CCA cases(n = 39421)	Thai population(n = 64076033)	P value
Gender
Male	24120 (61.2)	31529148 (49.2)	< 0.001
Age (mean ± SD, yr)	64.1 ± 11.7	34.91
Geographic region			< 0.0001
Northeast	24239 (61.5)	21585883 (33.7)	< 0.001
North	6699 (17.0)	11783311 (18.4)	< 0.001
Central	5295 (13.4)	16060141 (25.1)	< 0.001
Bangkok	1114 (2.8)	5674843 (8.8)	< 0.001
South	1056 (2.7)	8971855 (14.0)	< 0.001

¹Weighted average age calculated using the midpoint; Standard deviation was undefined; thus, a t-test was not performed. CCA: Cholangiocarcinoma.

Table 2 Incidence (per 100000 persons) of cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand during the 2009 to 2013 study period

Region	Year					Ptrend value
	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
All	15.80	15.63	16.13	16.07	16.43	0.13
Northeast	28.71	28.33	28.96	29.30	28.83	0.25
North	19.59	18.80	19.46	18.80	20.84	0.70
Central	7.23	7.42	7.98	8.40	9.20	0.06
Bangkok	5.87	6.17	6.27	5.52	6.01	0.85
South	2.76	2.74	2.98	2.81	2.98	0.17

Table 3 Proportions of individuals with potential predisposing conditions to cholangiocarcinoma development n (%)

Conditions	CCA patients (n = 39421)	Non-CCA patients (n = 18508448)	P value
Cirrhosis	1896 (4.81)	170255 (0.92)	< 0.001
Chronic viral hepatitis B infection	291 (0.74)	21797 (0.12)	< 0.001
Chronic viral hepatitis C infection	196 (0.50)	18339 (0.10)	< 0.001
Diabetes	4502 (11.42)	977973 (5.28)1	< 0.001

¹The number was estimated from the proportion of individuals with diabetes among 1900000 patients on whom data on diabetes were available, assuming the proportion of individuals with diabetes was similar between those with and without data on diabetes. CCA: Cholangiocarcinoma.

Table 4 Proportion of cholangiocarcinoma patients who had underlying diabetes and chronic liver diseases n (%)

	Total(n = 39421)	Northeast(n = 24237)	North(n = 6696)	PNorthvsNortheast	Central(n = 5294)	PcentralvsNortheast	Bangkok(n = 1113)	PBangkokvsNortheast	South(n = 1055)	PSouthvsNortheast	Pfor all regions
Diabetes	4502 (11.42)	2803 (11.56)	572 (8.54)	< 0.0001	689 (13.01)	0.11	389 (18.36)	< 0.0001	133 (12.60)	0.25	< 0.0001
Cirrhosis	1896 (4.81)	963 (3.97)	440 (5.39)	< 0.0001	362 (6.84)	< 0.0001	83 (7.46)	< 0.0001	63 (5.97)	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
Chronic hepatitis B	291 (0.74)	106 (0.44)	91 (1.36)	< 0.0001	59 (1.11)	< 0.0001	18 (1.62)	0.05	12 (1.52)	0.002	< 0.0001
Chronic hepatitis C	196 (0.50)	92 (0.38)	57 (0.85)	< 0.0001	20 (0.38)	0.33	17 (1.53)	0.12	3 (0.28)	< 0.001	< 0.0001

P-value < 0.05 indicates statistical significance.

Table 5 One-year mortality rate in cholangiocarcinoma patients by region during the 2009 to 2013 study period n (%)

Year	Region					Total
	Northeast	North	Central	Bangkok	South
2009	3825 (79.6)	1153 (85.5)	754 (80.6)	170 (78.7)	149 (74.5)	6051 (80.6)
2010	3928 (82.4)	1114 (86.1)	782 (81.0)	181 (80.4)	148 (74.0)	6153 (82.6)
2011	3988 (82.1)	1097 (83.0)	830 (80.0)	176 (78.2)	172 (78.5)	6263 (81.8)
2012	4087 (82.5)	1068 (82.3)	893 (79.7)	174 (81.3)	176 (83.4)	6398 (82.0)
2013	3973 (81.9)	1208 (84.2)	986 (79.9)	169 (72.5)	165 (73.3)	6501 (81.5)
Ptrend	0.57	0.25	0.13	0.57	0.85	0.85