Efficacy of tolvaptan for the patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Characteristics of the patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma

	HCC (+)	HCC (-)	P vaule
n	32	29
Age	71.0 ± 11.2	61.8 ± 11.3	0.0064
Sex (M/F)	19/13	17/12	0.9523
Decreased BW (kg)	1.68 ± 3.81	3.43 ± 3.00	0.0130
Decreased BW (%)	2.56 ± 5.23	5.36 ± 4.27	0.0127
TLV (3.75/7.5/15 mg/d)	3/24/5	2/22/5	0.9325
Furosemide (≤ 20/20 <, ≤ 40/> 40 mg/d)	8/13/11	8/11/10	0.9671
Spironolactone (≤ 25/25 <, ≤ 50/> 50 mg/d)	2/8/22	2/10/17	0.6986
Portal thrombus (+/-)	8/24	0/29	0.0039
Albumin (g/dL)	2.64 ± 0.38	2.31 ± 0.48	0.0045
CPT score	10.7 ± 2.0	11.1 ± 1.7	0.2357
BUN (mg/dL)	21.3 ± 8.2	18.6 ± 10.2	0.1584
Na (mEq/L)	134.1 ± 5.7	134.6 ± 5.4	0.5620
K (mEq/L)	4.02 ± 0.67	3.85 ± 0.55	0.4827
eGFR (mL/min)	58.66 ± 21.78	69.52 ± 40.39	0.8285
LDH (IU/L)	293.8 ± 164.1	259.6 ± 107.2	0.4228
Platelet count (× 104/μL)	10.87 ± 5.38	12.40 ± 11.35	0.8852
T factor of TNM classification (T1/T2/T3a and T3b)	6/13/13	-	-

CPT score: Child-Pugh-Turcotte score; BW: Body weoght; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; eGFR: Estimated glemerular filtration rate; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; TLV: Tolvaptan.

Table 2 Stepwise multiple regression analysis to predict the decreased body weoght (%)

Variables	Coefficient	95%CI	F	P value
For all patients
HCC (-/+)	-1.2734	(-2.4886, -0.0581)	4.3995	0.0403
Ln (LDH)	-2.7773	(-5.7547, 0.2000)	3.4866	0.0669
For the patients with HCC
Furosemide (≤ 40 mg vs > 40 mg/d)	-2.0574	(-0.2775, -3.8373)	5.5889	0.0250
T-factor (T1 and T2 vs T3)	-1.6036	(-0.0932, 3.3494)	3.7494	0.0629
For the patients without HCC
Furosemide (≤ 20 mg vs > 20 mg/d)	2.0854	(3.8667, 0.3040)	5.8379	0.0237
CPT score	1.4320	(0.3801, 2.4839)	7.8941	0.0097
Ln (LDH)	-6.2691	(-11.0598, -1.4786)	7.2950	0.0125

For all patients: Decreased BW% = 19.3220 - 1.2734 [HCC (-/+)] - 2.7773 [Ln (LDH)], R2 = 0.1334, P = 0.0157, [HCC (-) = -1, HCC (+) = 1]; For the patients with HCC: Decreased BW% = 1.5085 - 1.9322 (T factor) - 2.3751 (Furosemide), R2 = 0.2570, P = 0.0135, (T1 and T2 = -1, T3 = 1), (Furosemide ≤ 40 mg/d = -1, Furosemide > 40 mg/d = 1); For the patients without HCC: Decreased BW% = 22.9810 + 2.0854 (Furosemide) + 1.4320 (CPT score) - 6.2691 [Ln (LDH)], R2 = 0.3379, P = 0.0178 (Furosemide ≤ 20 mg/d = -1, Furosemide > 20 mg/d = 1). CPT score: Child-Pugh-Turcotte score; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase.