Advanced gastric cancer: What we know and what we still have to learn

Table 1 Type of standard lymphadenectomy in different countries

	ESMO	Germany	United Kingdom	United States	Canada	Japan
Type of standard lymphadenectomy	D2	D2	D2	D1	D1	D1 (for T1)
				D2 (not routinely)		Modified D2 (see in the text)

ESMO: European society medical oncology guideline.

Table 2 Outcomes related to different kind of lymphadenectomies

Ref.	Year	Country	Type of study	N° pts	Perioperative mortality (%)						Overall morbidity (%)						Overall survival (%)
					D1	D1+	D2	D2+	D3	P value	D1	D1+	D2	D2+	D3	P value	D1	D1+	D2	D2+	D3	P value
[34]	1999	Holland	RCT	711	4	-	10	-	-	0.004	25	-	43	-	-	< 0.0001	45	-	47	-	-	NS
[35,36]	1996	United Kingdom	RCT	400	6.5	-	13	-	-	0.04	28	-	46	-	-	< 0.001	35	-	33	-	-	NS
	1999
[23,24]	1998	Italy	Prospective	191	-	-	3.1	-	-	-	-	-	20.9	-	-	-	-	-	55	-	-	-
	2004
[37]	2004	Italy	RCT	162	1.3	-	0	-	-	NS	10.5	-	16.3	-	-	NS
[42,43]	2004	China	RCT	221	0	-	-	-	0	NS	7.3	-	-	-	17.1	0.012	53.6	-	-	-	59.5	0.041
	2006	Taiwan
[28,44]	2004	Japan	RCT	523	-	-	0.8	0.8	-	NS	-	-	20.9	28.1	-	NS	-	-	69.2	70.3	-	NS
	2008
[22]	2007	Japan	RCT	275	-	-	4.9	2.2	-	NS	-	-	27.7	21.6	-	NS	-	-	-	-	-	-
[30]	2010	Holland	Prospective	711	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	21	-	29	-	-	NS
[39]	2010	Italy	RCT	267	3	-	2.2	-	-	NS	12	-	17.9	-	-	NS	-	-	-	-	-	-
[21]	2015	Italy	Retrospective		-	-	4	-	2.4	NS	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Pts: Patients; RCT: Randomized controlled trials.