Nonbismuth concomitant quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in Chinese regions: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

Ref.	Inclusion criteria	Region	Diagnostic test	No. of patients (male %)	Age, yr(mean ± SD)	Intervention
Ang et al[36] (2015)	Age > 21 yr	Singapore	RUT, H, UBT	C10: 153 (47.1)	C10: 46.9 ± 14.8	10-d concomitant therapy
				S10: 154 (59.7)	S10: 47.5 ± 12.7	10-d sequential therapy
				T10: 155 (58.1)	T10: 49.8 ± 14.6	10-d triple therapy
Hsu et al[33] (2014)	Age ≥ 20 yr, PU or gastritis	Taiwan	RUT, Cu, H	C7: 102 (59.8)	C7: 53.9 ± 12.3	7-d concomitant therapy
				S10: 102 (50.9)	S10: 55.0 ± 12.0	10-d sequential therapy
				T7: 103 (60.2)	T7: 56.1 ± 14.0	7-d triple therapy
Huang et al[22] (2012)	Dyspepsia or epigastric discomfort	Taiwan	RUT, Cu, H	C10: 84 (57.1)	C10: 53.8 ± 15.2	10-d concomitant therapy
				S10: 85 (56.7)	S10: 51.3 ± 15.0	10-d sequential therapy
Tai et al[34] (2015)	Age ≥ 20 yr, PU or gastritis	Taiwan	Not reported	C7: 92 (50.0)	C7: 47.8 ± 11.6	7-d concomitant therapy
				T7: 92 (49.0)	T7: 52.8±12.8	7-d triple therapy
Wang et al[35] (2014)	PU and gastritis	China	UBT	C7: 81 (45.7)	C7: 51 ± 13	7-d concomitant therapy
				T7: 82 (42.7)	T7: 51 ± 15	7-d triple therapy
				T10: 83 (45.8)	T10: 52 ± 14	10-d triple therapy
Wu et al[20] (2010)	Patients visited GI clinics with HP infection	Taiwan	RUT, Cu, H	C10: 115(52.2)	C10: 51.8 ± 11	10-d concomitant therapy
				S10:117(52.1)	S10: 51.7 ± 12	10-d sequential therapy

Concomitant therapy: PPI, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole for 7-10 d; sequential therapy: PPI and amoxicillin for 5 d, followed by PPT, clarithromycin, and metronidazole (or tinidazole) for 5 d; triple therapy: PPI, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin for 7-10 d. PPI: lansoprazole, pantoprazole, or esomeprazole; GI: Gastrointestinal; PU: Peptic ulcer; C7: 7-d concomitant therapy; C10: 10-d concomitant therapy; S10: 10-d sequential therapy; T7: 7-d triple therapy; T10: 10-d triple therapy; Cu: Culture; H: Histology; RUT: Rapid urease test; UBT: Urea breath test.

Table 2 Assessment of methodological quality of included studies

Ref.	Region	Allocation generation	Allocation concealment	Blinding of patients and assessors	Data analysis	Loss to follow up	Selective reporting	Other bias
Ang et al[36] (2015)	Singapore	Sealed envelope	Adequate	Open-label	ITT/PP	10.0%	Low risk	Not all patients underwent antibiotic susceptibility testing
Hsu et al[33] (2014)	Taiwan	Compute generated	Adequate	Open-label	ITT/PP	0.3%	Low risk	Not all patients underwent antibiotic susceptibility testing
Huang et al[22] (2012)	Taiwan	Computer generated	Unclear	Open-label	ITT/PP	6.5%	Low risk	No patient underwent antibiotic susceptibility testing
Tai et al[34] (2015)	Taiwan	Computer generated	Adequate	Unclear	ITT/PP	8.0%	Low risk	Not all patients underwent antibiotic susceptibility testing
Wang et al[35] (2014)	China	Computer generated	Unclear	Unclear	ITT/PP	1.2%	Low risk	No patient underwent antibiotic susceptibility testing
Wu et al[20] (2010)	Taiwan	Computer generated	Unclear	Outcome assessor blinded	ITT/PP	0.4%	Low risk	Not all patients underwent antibiotic susceptibility testing

Risk of bias was assessed according to the method recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. ITT: Intention-to-treat; PP: Per-protocol.