First-line eradication for Helicobacter pylori-positive gastritis by esomeprazole-based triple therapy is influenced by CYP2C19 genotype

Table 1 Serum pepsinogen level and Helicobacter pylori eradication in the extensive metabolizer group (CYP2C19 genotype: *1/*1)

Case	Age	Sex	PG I/II				UBT	Eradication
			Before eradication		After eradication
E1	45	F	3.6	-	5.0	-	0.1	○
E2	39	M	3.3	-	6.7	-	0.4	○
E3	59	M	3.1	-	5.2	-	0.5	○
E4	58	M	2.9	-	7.1	-	0.4	○
E5	50	F	2.2	1+	5.1	-	0.3	○
E6	43	F	2.2	1+	4.9	-	0.3	○
E7	63	F	1.6	1+	4.1	-	0.0	○
E8	56	F	2.8	2+	4.1	-	0.3	○
E9	36	F	2.2	2+	4.6	-	0.0	○
E10	75	F	2.5	2+	4.8	-	0.9	○
E11	67	M	3.7	-	2.2	2+	0.0	○
E12	64	M	0.8	3+	2.2	2+	1.3	○
E13	48	M	3.4	-	3.1	-	12.7	×
E14	50	F	4.3	-	6.4	-	12.7	×
E15	67	M	3.5	-	3.7	-	41.6	×
E16	34	F	3.0	-	3.4	-	19.5	×
E17	63	M	3.1	-	3.0	-	26.8	×
E18	71	F	1.2	3+	3.1	-	11.0	×
E19	55	M	2.4	1+	2.6	1+	24.6	×
E20	56	M	2.0	2+	2.2	1+	24.9	×
E21	80	M	1.7	2+	1.8	2+	20.9	×
E22	53	M	2.2	2+	2.2	2+	26.6	×
E23	43	F	2.2	2+	2.3	2+	11.5	×

(-), PG I ≥ 70 ng/mL and PG I/PG II ratio ≥ 3.0; (1+), PG I < 70 ng/mL and PG I/PG II ratio < 3.0; (2+), PG I < 50 ng/mL and PG I/PG II ratio < 3.0; (3+), PG I < 30 ng/mL and PG I/PG II ratio < 2.0. Eradication (○) rate = 12/23 (52.2%). M: Male; F: Female; PG: Pepsinogen; UBT: ¹³C-urea breath test.

Table 2 Serum pepsinogen level and Helicobacter pylori eradication in the intermediate metabolizer group (CYP2C19 genotype: *1/*2, *1/*3)

Case	Age	Sex	CYP2C19 genotype	PG I/II				UBT	Eradication
				Before eradication		After eradication
I1	61	F	*1/*2	2.6	-	4.5	-	1.1	○
I2	66	M	*1/*2	3.6	-	6.0	-	0.0	○
I3	65	F	*1/*2	2.5	-	4.1	-	0.2	○
I4	71	F	*1/*2	3.5	-	7.4	-	0.9	○
I5	59	M	*1/*3	2.2	-	5.3	-	1.1	○
I6	62	M	*1/*3	3.3	-	8.3	-	0.0	○
I7	67	M	*1/*2	4.9	-	5.0	-	0.3	○
I8	64	F	*1/*2	2.8	-	5.2	-	0.5	○
I9	64	F	*1/*2	3.2	-	5.4	-	0.1	○
I10	34	M	*1/*2	3.1	-	6.9	-	0.3	○
I11	52	M	*1/*2	3.7	-	4.9	-	0.8	○
I12	64	M	*1/*2	3.6	-	4.5	-	0.2	○
I13	55	M	*1/*3	2.0	-	4.7	-	1.1	○
I14	58	M	*1/*2	3.8	-	9.4	-	0.6	○
I15	66	F	*1/*3	1.4	-	3.7	-	1.0	○
I16	47	M	*1/*2	4.0	-	5.4	-	0.0	○
I17	42	M	*1/*3	2.8	1+	5.3	-	0.4	○
I18	53	M	*1/*2	2.3	1+	3.7	-	0.8	○
I19	56	M	*1/*3	2.0	1+	4.0	-	2.4	○
I20	51	F	*1/*2	1.1	1+	3.3	-	0.0	○
I21	62	F	*1/*2	2.3	1+	4.1	-	0.3	○
I22	39	F	*1/*2	2.7	2+	6.0	-	0.4	○
I23	63	F	*1/*3	2.1	2+	4.0	-	0.1	○
I24	53	F	*1/*2	2.3	2+	4.1	-	0.3	○
I25	45	M	*1/*2	2.4	2+	4.9	-	0.6	○
I26	55	M	*1/*2	2.6	2+	4.2	-	0.5	○
I27	50	M	*1/*2	1.8	2+	3.9	-	0.6	○
I28	55	M	*1/*2	1.3	3+	3.6	-	0.0	○
I29	53	F	*1/*2	1.7	2+	2.9	2+	0.4	○
I30	64	M	*1/*2	1.2	3+	2.5	2+	1.5	○
I31	66	F	*1/*2	0.8	3+	0.8	3+	1.4	○
I32	53	M	*1/*3	4.1	-	4.5	-	49.8	×
I33	61	M	*1/*2	4.2	-	3.2	-	24.8	×
I34	44	F	*1/*2	3.2	-	3.2	-	44.5	×
I35	51	F	*1/*2	2.4	2+	3.1	-	21.7	×
I36	28	F	*1/*3	2.2	-	2.2	1+	43.6	×
I37	70	M	*1/*3	2.7	1+	2.7	1+	9.3	×
I38	70	F	*1/*2	2.5	1+	2.0	1+	39.2	×
I39	65	M	*1/*3	3.1	-	3.0	2+	28.0	×
I40	45	F	*1/*3	2.8	-	2.5	2+	13.0	×
I41	78	F	*1/*2	0.8	3+	1.4	3+	4.1	×
I42	45	F	*1/*2	1.5	3+	1.6	3+	17.0	×
I43	70	M	*1/*3	1.1	3+	1.1	3+	37.4	×

(-), PG I ≥ 70 ng/mL and PG I/PG II ratio ≥ 3.0; (1+), PG I < 70 ng/mL and PG I/PG II ratio < 3.0; (2+), PG I < 50 ng/mL and PG I/PG II ratio < 3.0; (3+), PG I < 30 ng/mL and PG I/PG II ratio < 2.0. Eradication (○) rate = 31/43 (72.1%). M: Male; F: Female; PG: Pepsinogen; UBT: ¹³C-urea breath test.

Table 3 Serum pepsinogen level and Helicobacter pylori eradication in the poor metabolizer group (CYP2C19 genotype: *2/*2, *2/*3, *3/*3)

Case	Age	Sex	CYP2C19 genotype	PG I/II				UBT	Eradication
				Before eradication		After eradication
P1	64	F	*2/*2	3.6	-	5.8	-	0.2	○
P2	46	M	*2/*2	4.0	-	5.5	-	1.2	○
P3	64	F	*2/*2	2.2	1+	3.8	-	1.1	○
P4	63	F	*2/*2	2.1	2+	3.9	-	0.0	○
P5	62	F	*2/*3	2.3	2+	4.2	-	0.2	○
P6	64	M	*2/*3	2.2	2+	5.0	-	0.0	○
P7	63	M	*2/*2	2.7	2+	4.9	-	1.2	○
P8	77	F	*3/*3	1.7	3+	2.9	2+	0.1	○
P9	68	M	*2/*2	1.3	2+	1.9	3+	1.2	○
P10	60	M	*2/*2	0.6	3+	1.4	3+	0.8	○
P11	57	M	*2/*2	4.1	-	ND	ND	0.2	○
P12	65	F	*2/*2	2.0	1+	2.0	1+	30.2	×
P13	38	F	*2/*2	2.3	2+	2.5	1+	63.8	×

(-), PG I ≥ 70 ng/mL and PG I/PG II ratio ≥ 3.0; (1+), PG I < 70 ng/mL and PG I/PG II ratio < 3.0; (2+), PG I < 50 ng/mL and PG I/PG II ratio < 3.0; (3+), PG I < 30 ng/mL and PG I/PG II ratio < 2.0. Eradication (○) rate = 11/13 (84.6%). M: Male; F: Female; ND: Not detected; PG: Pepsinogen; UBT: ¹³C-urea breath test.

Table 4 Correlation between pepsinogen I/II ratio and Helicobacter pylori eradication

Eradication	PG I/II ratio			Total
	Increase	No change	Decrease
Success	26	26	1	53
Failure	4	18	3	25
Total	30	44	4	78

Serum PG I level and PG I/II ratio were significantly increased after eradication of Helicobacter pylori (P < 0.01). PG: Pepsinogen.

Table 5 Multiple logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors associated with Helicobacter pylori eradication

Variable	P value
CYP2C19 genotype (EM vs non-EM)	0.048
Age	0.603
Sex	0.637
Pepsinogen I/II before eradication	0.809

EM: Extensive metabolizer.