Histidine decarboxylase and urinary methylimidazoleacetic acid in gastric neuroendocrine cells and tumours

Table 1 Summary of clinical and tumour characteristics

Tumour type	n	TNM/stage	Age (yr), median (range)	M:F (ratio)	Tumour size (mm)	Localization
Type I ECL cell NETs	37		65 (29-80)	13:24	1-50	Fundus, corpus
	22	T1N0M0/I
	12	T2N0M0/IIa
	2	T2N1M0/IIIb
	1	T2N1M1/IV
Type II ECL cell NETs	3		48 (47-49)	1:2	0.5-25	Fundus, corpus, antrum
	2	T1N0M0/I
	1	T2N1M0/IIa
Type III ECL cell NETs	10		62 (23-77)	4:6	7-55	Fundus, Corpus, antrum
	1	T1N0M0/I
	3	T2N1M0/IIIb
	2	T2N0M1/IV
	2	T2N1M1/IV
	2	T4N1M1/IV
Non-ECL cell NET	1	T2N1M1/IV	71	0:1	20	Corpus, antrum
Ghrelinomas	2	T2N1M1/IV	55 (47-63)	2:0	35-40	Corpus
NECs	11		58 (39-77)	8:3	30-100	Fundus, corpus
Small cell	4
	2	T2N0M0/IIa
	1	T3N1M1/IV
	1	T4N1M1/IV
Large cell	7	T4N0M0/IIIa
	1	T2N1M1/IV
	4	T3N1M1/IV
	1	T4N1M1/IV
	1
Total number	64

TNM/stage according to Rindi et al[23]. ECL cell NETs: Enterochromaffin-like cell neuroendocrine tumours; NECs: Neuroendocrine carcinomas.

Table 2 Clinical and tumour characteristics in the subgroup of patients undergoing the U-MeImAA assay

Age/Gender	VMAT-2-IR tumour cells (primary)	HDC-IR tumour cells (primary)	HDC-IR tumour cells (metastases)	U-MeImAA(mmol/mol creatinine)	Diameter(mm)	TNM/stage
Type I ECL cell NETs (n = 15)
47/F	> 90%	0%	-	1.6	2	T1m,N0,M0/I
52/M	> 90%	0%	-	1.6	10	T1m,N0,M0/I
55/F	> 90%	0%D	-	1.1	23	T2,N0,M0/IIa
61/F	> 90%	0%	-	1.3	2	T1,N0,M0/I
62/F	> 90%	0%	-	1.4	3	T1m,N0,M0/I
64/M	> 90%	0%	-	1.1	5	T1m,N0,M0/I
65/F	> 90%	0%	-	2.0	25	T2,N0,M0/IIa
72/F	> 90%	0%	-	1.1	5	T1,N0,M0/I
74/F	> 90%	0%D	-	1.7	2.2	T1m,N0,M0/I
78/F	> 90%	0%	-	1.8	4	T1m,N0,M0/I
79/F	> 90%	0%	-	2.4	1.5	T1m,N0,M0/I
80/M	> 90%	0%	-	1.5	7	T1m,N0,M0/I
54/F	> 90%	1%	-	1.5	5	T1m,N0,M0/I
71/F	> 90%	1%	-	1.8	15	T2,N0,M0/IIa
65/M	> 90%	3%D	-	1.6	12	T2m,N0,M0/IIa
Type II ECL cell NET (n = 1)
49/F	> 90%	10%D, L	40%	9.01	3	T1m,N0,M0/I
Type III ECL cell NETs (n = 6)
44/F	> 90%	0%	0%	1.6	22	T2,N1,M0/IIIb
60/M	> 90%	0%	0%	1.4	11	T2,N1,M0/IIIb
60/F	> 90%	0%	-	2.4	7	T1,N0,M0/I
77/F	> 90%	1%	40%	40.8	30	T2,N0,M1/IV
72/M	> 90%	10%	70%	1.1	11	T2,N1,M1/IV
62/M	> 90%	20%	40%	18.22	45	T4,N1,M1/IV
Ghrelinoma (n = 1)
47/M	0%	0%	0%	1.2	40	T2,N1,M1/IV
NECs (n = 4)
76/M	0%	0%	0%	1.6	30	T2,N1,M1/IV
69/M	10%	0%	0%	1.8	100	T4,N1,M1/IV
61/F	60%	15%	15%	2.9	100	T4,N1,M1/IV
58/M	0%	60%	60%	1.2	90	T4,N0,M0/IIIa

¹Flush;

²Atypical carcinoid syndrome. TNM/Stage according to Rindi et al[23]. Diffuse (D) and Linear (L) pattern of neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia in the adjacent to the tumour mucosa; -: no metastases; U-MeImAA: Urine Methyl Imidazol Acetic Acid, reference range 0.4-2.4 mmol/mol creatinine; Diameter: The largest dimension of the tumour is given; m: Multiple tumours; VMAT-2: Vesicular monoamine transporter-2; HDC: Histidine decarboxylase; IR: Immunoreactive; ECL cell NETs: Enterochromaffin-like cell neuroendocrine tumours; NECs: Neuroendocrine carcinomas.