Endoscopic treatments for small gastric subepithelial tumors originating from muscularis propria layer

Table 1 Clinical outcomes of endoscopic muscularis excavation for gastric subepithelial tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer

Ref.	No. cases (tumors)	Location (details)	Mean tumor size (mm)	Pathology	Complete resection rate, n (%)	Mean operating time (min) and range(min)	Complications (details)	Mean follow-up time (mo) and recurrence
Jeong et al[19]	64 (65)	23 cardia	13.8	26 GISTs	60 (92.3)	34.7	8 perforations	10.0
		8 fundus		32 leiomyomas				No recurrence
		30 body		2 schwannomas
		4 antrum		3 others
Chu et al[21]	16 (16)	1 cardia	26.1	14 GIST	15 (93.8)	52.0	0	14.8
		3 fundus		2 leiomyoma				No recurrence
		9 body
		3 antrum
Liu et al[20]	31 (31)	14 esophagus	22.1	16 GISTs	30 (96.8)	76.8	4 perforations	17.7
		7 cardia		15 leiomyomas				No recurrence
		5 fundus
		5 body
Zhang et al[18]	212 (212)	93 fundus	16.5	97 GISTs	204 (96.2)	46.1	32 perforations	26.0
		104 body		115 leiomyomas			9 massive bleeding	No recurrence
		15 antrum

GISTs: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Table 2 Clinical outcomes of endoscopic full-thickness resection for gastric subepithelial tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer

Ref.	No. cases	Location (details)	Mean tumor size (mm)	Pathology	Complete resection rate, n (%)	Mean operating time (min)	Complications (details)	Mean follow-up time (mo) and recurrence
Guo et al[26]	23	11 fundus	12.1	19 GISTs	23 (100)	40.5	2 localized peritonitis	3
		9 body		4 leiomyomas				No recurrence
		3 antrum
Zhou et al[23]	26	12 fundus	28	16 GISTs	28 (100)	105	0	8
		14 body		6 leiomyomas				No recurrence
				3 glomus tumors
				1 schwannoma
Schmidt et al[25]	31	3 cardia	20.5	18 GIST	28 (90.3)	60	12 bleeding	7
		4 fundus		2 leiomyomas				No recurrence
		13 body		2 adenomyomas
		11 antrum		3 ectopic pancreas
				1 lipoma
				1 schwannoma
				4 others
Ye et al[24]	51	22 fundus	24	30 GIST	50 (98.0)	52	0	22.4
		28 body		21 leiomyoma				No recurrence
		1 antrum

GISTs: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Table 3 Clinical outcomes of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection for gastric subepithelial tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer

Ref.	No. cases (tumors)	Location (details)	Mean tumor size (mm)	Pathology	Complete resection rate, n (%)	Mean operating time (min)	Complications (details)	Mean follow-up time (mo) and recurrence
Xu et al[30]	15 (15)	9 esophagus	19	5 GISTs	15 (100)	78.7	1 pneumoperitoneum	3.9
		3 cardia		9 leiomyomas			1 pneumothorax	No recurrence
		2 body		1 glomus tumor			1 SE
		1 antrum
Liu et al[34]	12 (12)	7 esophagus	18.5	2 GISTs	12 (1001)	78.3	2 pleural effusion	7.1
		5 cardia		9 leiomyomas			4 pneumothorax	No recurrence
				1 schwannoma			8 SE
Wang et al[36]	57 (57)	57 esophago-gastric junction	21.5	7 GISTs	57 (100)	47.0	8 pneumothorax	12
				46 leiomyomas			3 pneumoperitoneum	No recurrence
				1 intramuscular lipoma			12 pneumothorax and SE
				1 granular cell tumor
				2 schwannomas			2 pleural effusion
Ye et al[32]	85 (85)	60 esophagus	19.2	19 GISTs	85 (100)	57.2	6 pneumothorax	8
		16 cardia		65 leiomyomas			4 pneumothorax	No recurrence
		9 stomach		1 calcifying			8 SE
				fibrous
				tumor

¹The 100% is en-bloc resection rates, no information on complete resection rate was given in this study. GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors; SE: Subcutaneous emphysem.