Safety validation of decision trees for hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Basic information on the study population

Factors	n (%)
Age (yr), mean (SD)	51.8 (12.4)
Age > 65 yr	102 (15.1)
Male	502 (79.2)
ICG R15
< 10%	545 (86.8)
10%-20%	69 (10.9)
20%-30%	8 (1.3)
30%-40%	6 (0.9)
> 40%	6 (0.9)
Hepatitis serology
Hepatitis B	452 (71.3)
Hepatitis C	34 (5.4)
Hepatitis B and C	25 (3.9)
Negative or not determined	123 (19.4)
Cirrhosis	479 (75.5)
Portal vein hypertention	78 (12.3)

ICG R15: Indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min.

Table 2 Preoperative biochemical indices and ratings n (%)

Serum albumin (g/L)	41.1 (4.0)
Platelet count (103/mm3)	178.6 (75.1)
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)	67.7 (14.0)
Serum total bilirubin (μmol/L)
Serum total bilirubin (μmol/L)	6.3 (14.2)
Serum sodium (mmol/L)	142.0 (2.8)
INR, mean (SD)	1.04 (0.10)
CTP score
Class A	629 (98.2)
Class B	5 (0.8)
MELD score, mean (SD)	8.4 (1.5)
Tumor size (cm)	7.4 (4.9)

Tumor size: The largest diameter of tumor, even for multiple lesions; CTP score: Child-Turcotte-Pugh score; MELD score: Model for End-stage Liver Disease score.

Table 3 Relevant surgical indices n (%)

Operating time (min)	251 (52)
Porta hepatis clamping time (min)	20 (11.2)
Estimated blood loss (mL)	438 (559.7)
Extent of hepatectomy
Subsegmentectomy or limited resection	262 (41.3)
Segmentectomy	163 (5.7)
Bisegmentectomy	90 (14.2)
Major hepatectomy (3 or more segments)	119 (18.8)
Intraoperative RBC transfusion
Yes	142 (22.4)
No	492 (77.6)
Blocking methods
Portal vein blocking	30 (4.7)
Pringle maneuver	392 (61.8)
No	212 (33.4)

RBC: Red blood cells.

Table 4 Postoperative complications of hepatectomy

Overall morbidity	44.90%
Surgical morbidity
Posthepatectomy liver failure	19%
Biliary leakage	40%
Posthepatectomy hemorrhage	7%
Perihepatic abscess	22%
Wound infection	42%
Cholangitis	5%
Pleural effusion	62%
Portal vein thrombosis	3%
Medical morbidity
Respiratory insufficiency/failure	12%
Renal failure	6%
Pneumonia	28%
Cardiac arrhythmia	20%
Pulmonary embolism	2%
Cardiac failure	8%
Myocardial infarction	5%
Relaparotomy	4%

Table 5 Postoperative liver failure rate according to criteria

Criteria	Yes	No
Swiss	2.75%	5.66%
Japan	2.62%	6.56%
Chinese	2.73%	16.67%

Table 6 Multivariate logistic analysis of hepatic failure

Variables in the equation	Sig.
Liver cirrhosis	0.009
Bile leakage	0.199
Ascites	0.184
Abdominal infection	0.014
Major hepatectomy	0.006
Bleeding	0.878
Height (cm)	0.710
Weight (kg)	0.361
HB (g/dL)	0.819
BSA (m2)	0.384
BMI (kg/m2)	0.733
Kmin	0.356
ICGR15	0.510
T12 (min)	0.617
EHBF (L/min)	0.472
Total hospital duration	0.017