Clinical characteristics of Helicobacter pylori-negative drug-negative peptic ulcer bleeding

Table 1 Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with peptic ulcer bleeding

Etiology of PUB	Idiopathic (n = 20)	H. pylori-associated (n = 108)	Drug-induced (n = 74)	Combined (H. pylori, Drug) (n = 30)	P value	P value1	P value2	P value3
Age	55.15 ± 12.33	47.83 ± 15.15	68.49 ± 14.76	63.87 ± 14.79	< 0.01	0.09	< 0.01	0.09
Sex (M:F)	19:1	89:19	37:37	17:13	< 0.01	0.24	< 0.01	< 0.01
Smoking (Yes:No)	10:10	53:55	21:53	7:23	< 0.01	1	0.12	0.10
Alcohol (Yes:No)	6:14	27:81	14:60	5:25	0.554	0.85	0.364	0.314
Gastric ulcer (GU)	12	53	57	21	< 0.01	0.644	0.044	0.084
Duodenal ulcer (DU)	6	44	6	2
GU + DU	2	11	11	7
Initial hemoglobin (g/dL)	9.98 ± 3.15	9.36 ± 2.56	8.75 ± 2.73	8.84 ± 2.39	0.19	0.57	0.14	0.26
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.040 ± 0.179	1.018 ± 0.435	1.255 ± 0.845	1.03 ± 0.356	0.05	0.99	0.27	1.00
Duration of admission (d)	6.15 ± 2.277	5.602 ± 2.411	8.473 ± 8.919	5.5 ± 2.556	< 0.01	0.93	0.18	0.93
Ulcer size (cm)	1.21 ± 0.65	0.86 ± 0.51	1.25 ± 0.92	1.07 ± 0.80	< 0.01	0.12	0.99	0.80
Needs for transfusion(PRC no.)	2.35 ± 2.46	2.21 ± 1.98	3.53 ± 4.94	2.53 ± 1.74	0.06	0.99	0.29	0.99
Re-bleeding caseupon admission:	6	8	2	2	< 0.014	< 0.014	< 0.014	< 0.054
Re-admission	2	3	4	2	0.304	0.174	0.604	14
Past history of ulcer	6	25	2	8	< 0.014	0.574	< 0.014	1
Blatchford score	8.85 ± 4.06	8.56 ± 3.71	9.78 ± 3.77	10.40 ± 3.94	0.05	0.97	0.56	0.29
Rockall score	3.50 ± 1.05	3.05 ± 1.54	4.73 ± 2.21	4.73 ± 1.87	< 0.01	0.52	0.02	0.04

P value by 1-way ANOVA.

¹P value by post-hoc test (Dunnett test between Idiopathic and H. pylori-associated);

²P value by post-hoc test (Dunnett test between Idiopathic and Drug-induced);

³P value by post-hoc test (Dunnett test between Idiopathic and Combined);

⁴P value by Fisher’s exact test values shown as mean ± SD. PUB: Peptic ulcer bleeding; PRC: Packed red cell; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis between idiopathic and Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcer bleeding

	Idiopathic PUB (n = 20)	Helicobacter pylori-associated PUB (n = 108)	P value1	OR (95%CI)1	P value2	OR (95%CI)2
Age			0.71	1.224 (0.43-3.49)	0.94	1.04 (0.34-3.18)
≥ 60 yr	6	28
< 60 yr	14	80
Ulcer size			0.06	2.55 (0.96-6.77)	0.15	2.13 (0.76-5.95)
≥ 1.0 cm	12	40
< 1.0 cm	8	68
Re-bleeding case upon admission
Yes	6	8	< 0.01	5.36 (1.62-17.74)	0.02	4.56 (1.34-15.54)
No	14	100

¹P value and OR (95%CI) by univariate logistic regression analysis;

²P value and OR (95%CI) by multivariate logistic regression analysis. PUB: Peptic ulcer bleeding.

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analysis between idiopathic and drug-induced peptic ulcer bleeding

	Idiopathic PUB (n = 20)	Drug-induced PUB (n = 74)	P value1	OR (95%CI)1	P value2	OR (95%CI)2
Age			< 0.01	0.16 (0.05-0.47)	< 0.01	0.12 (0.03-0.55)
≥ 60 yr	6	54
< 60 yr	14	20
Sex			< 0.01	19.00 (2.42-149.36)	0.06	8.59 (0.94-83.82)
Male	19	37
Female	1	37
Ulcer type			0.02	4.86 (1.37-17.29)	0.08	3.86 (0.85-17.55)
Duodenal ulcer	6	6
Others	14	68
Ulcer size			0.60	1.31 (0.48-3.58)	0.16	2.65 (0.68-10.29)
≥ 1.0 cm	12	39
< 1.0 cm	8	35
Re-bleeding case upon admission
Yes	6	2	< 0.01	15.43 (2.82-84.43)	< 0.01	19.76 (2.39-162.91)
No	14	72

¹P value and OR (95%CI) by univariate logistic regression analysis;

²P value and OR (95%CI) by multivariate logistic regression analysis. PUB: Peptic ulcer bleeding.

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analysis between drug-induced and Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcer bleeding

	Drug-induced PUB (n = 74)	Helicobacter pylori-associated PUB (n = 108)	P value1	OR (95%CI)1	P value2	OR (95%CI)2
Age			< 0.01	7.71 (3.95-15.07)	< 0.01	4.51 (1.83-11.11)
≥ 60 yr	54	28
< 60 yr	20	80
Sex			< 0.01	0.21 (0.11-0.42)	0.03	0.39 (0.17-0.91)
Male	37	89
Female	37	19
Ulcer type			< 0.01	3.48 (1.80-6.73)	< 0.01	4.09 (1.73-9.64)
Gastric ulcer	57	53
Others	17	55
Ulcer size			0.03	1.95 (1.07-3.57)	0.62	0.82 (0.37-1.81)
≥ 1.0 cm	39	40
< 1.0 cm	35	68
Creatinine			0.61	0.85 (0.47-1.55)	0.11	0.52 (0.23-1.16)
≥ 1.0 mg/dL	41	64
< 1.0 mg/dL	33	44
Duration of admission			< 0.01	2.71 (1.45-5.07)	0.04	2.28 (1.04-5.00)
≥ 7 d	36	28
< 7 d	38	80
Needs for transfusion			0.43	1.28 (0.70-2.34)	0.62	1.23 (0.55-2.76)
≥ 3 PRCs	31	39
< 3 PRCs	43	69
Blatchford score			0.02	2.15 (1.16-3.96)	0.2	1.70 (0.76-3.82)
≥ 10 points	48	51
< 10 points	26	57
Rockall score			< 0.01	3.94 (2.09-7.43)	0.49	1.35 (0.58-3.13)
≥ 4 points	51	40
< 4 points	23	68

¹P value and OR (95%CI) by univariate logistic regression analysis;

²P value and OR (95%CI) by multivariate logistic regression analysis. PUB: Peptic ulcer bleeding; PRC: Packed red cell.