Overexpression of chaperonin containing TCP1, subunit 3 predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Clinicopathological features of 104 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Characteristics	n (%)
Gender (female/male)	21 (20.2)/83 (79.8)
Age, mean (yr)	58.7 (range 35-84, SD 11.2)
Hepatitis type
HBV	85 (81.7)
HCV	6 (5.8)
None	13 (12.5)
pT category (UICC)
pT1	78 (75)
pT2	14 (13.5)
pT3a	8 (7.7)
pT3b	4 (3.8)
PT4	0 (0.0)
pN category
pN0	104 (100.0)
pN1	0 (0.0)
pM category
pM0	104 (100.0)
pM1	0 (0.0)
UICC stage
I	64 (61.5)
II	12 (11.5)
IIIA	13 (12.5)
IIIB	7 (6.7)
IIIC	8 (7.7)
IV	0 (0.0)
Histological type
Well-differentiated	26 (25.0)
Moderately-differentiated	60 (57.7)
Poorly-differentiated	18 (17.3)
Macrovascular invasion
None	99 (95.2)
Present	5 (4.8)
Microvascular invasion
None	78 (75.0)
Present	26 (25.0)
Tumor size (cm)
≥ 5	58 (55.8)
< 5	46 (44.2)
Serum AFP level (ng/mL)
< 400	79 (76.0)
≥ 400	25 (24.0)
Liver encapsulation invasion
None	93 (89.4)
Present	11 (10.6)
Tumor number
Solitary	83 (79.8)
Multiple	21 (20.2)
Surgical intervention
Radical resection	85 (81.7)
Palliative resection	19 (18.3)
Post-operative TACE
No	22 (21.2)
Yes	82 (78.8)
Child-Pugh classification
A	92 (88.5)
B	12 (11.5)
C	0 (0.0)

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; TACE: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.

Table 2 Associations between subunit 3 expression in different subcellular localizations in cancerous cells and clinicopathological variables of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma n (%)

Feature	n	CCT3 expression in cytoplasm		P value	CCT3 expression in nucleus		P value
		(+)	(-)		(+)	(-)
Gender (F/M)
Female	21	14 (18.7)	7 (24.1)		11 (19.0)	10 (21.7)
Male	83	61 (81.3)	22 (75.9)	0.533	47 (81.0)	36 (78.3)	0.726
Age (yr)
< 60	56	39 (52.0)	17 (58.6)		31 (53.4)	25 (54.3)
≥ 60	48	36 (48.0)	12 (41.4)	0.544	27 (46.6)	21 (45.7)	0.927
Hepatitis type
HBV	85	59 (78.7)	26 (89.7)		49 (84.5)	36 (78.3)
HCV	6	4 (5.3)	2 (6.9)		2 (3.4)	4 (8.7)
None	13	12 (16.0)	1 (7.7)	0.190	7 (12.1)	6 (13.0)	0.581
Cirrhosis
Present	78	54 (72.0)	24 (82.8)		43 (74.1)	35 (76.1)
None	26	21 (28.0)	5 (17.2)	0.2561	5 (25.9)	11 (23.9)	0.820
UICC stage
I	64	46 (61.3)	18 (62.1)		31 (53.4)	33 (71.7)
II	12	11 (14.7)	1 (3.4)	0.208	10 (17.2)	2 (4.3)	0.068
IIIA	28	18 (24.0)	10 (34.5)		17 (29.3)	11 (23.9)
Histological type
Well-differentiated	26	16 (21.3)	10 (34.5)		5 (8.6)	21 (45.7)
Moderately-differentiated	60	45 (60.0)	15 (51.7)		36 (62.1)	24 (52.2)
Poorly-differentiated	18	14 (18.7)	4 (13.8)	0.371	17 (29.3)	1 (2.2)	< 0.001
Macrovascular invasion
None	99	71 (94.7)	28 (96.6)		54 (93.1)	45 (97.8)
Present	5	4 (5.3)	1 (3.4)	1.000	4 (6.9)	1 (2.2)	0.380
Microvascular invasion
None	78	55 (73.3)	23 (79.3)		39 (67.2)	39 (84.8)
Present	26	20 (26.7)	6 (20.7)	0.528	19 (32.8)	7 (15.2)	0.040
Tumor size (cm)
≥ 5	46	35 (46.7)	11 (37.9)		28 (48.1)	18 (62.9)
< 5	58	40 (53.3)	18 (62.1)	0.421	30 (51.9)	28 (37.1)	0.351
Serum AFP level (ng/mL)
< 400	79	56 (74.7)	23 (79.3)		43 (74.1)	36 (78.3)
≥ 400	25	19 (25.3)	6 (20.7)	0. 619	15 (25.9)	10 (21.7)	0.625
Tumor number
Solitary	83	62 (82.7)	21 (72.4)		46 (79.3)	37 (80.4)
Multiple	21	13 (17.3)	8 (27.6)	0.243	12 (20.7)	9 (19.6)	0.887
Liver encapsulation invasion
None	93	66 (88.0)	27 (93.1)		52 (89.7)	41 (89.1)
Present	11	9 (12.0)	2 (6.9)	0.687	6 (10.3)	5 (10.9)	1.000

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.

Table 3 Prognostic factors for the 3-year survival rate by univariate and Cox proportional multivariate analysis

Factor		Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
		3-year survival rate(%)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Gender	Female/male	70.7/71.2	0.921
Age (yr)	< 60/≥ 60	69.5/72.6	0.518
Hepatitis type	HBV/HCV/none	73.0/83.3/52.7	0.265
Cirrhosis	Present/none	74.8/59.9	0.051
TNM stage	I/II/III	83.6/48.6/52.7	< 0.001	0.254 (0.097-0.660)	0.005
				1.238 (0.465-3.295)	0.670
Histological type	Well/moderately/poorlydifferentiated	83.2/67.1/66.2	0.059
Macrovascular invasion	Present/none	60.0/71.8	0.008	1.623 (0.203-13.002)	0.648
Microvascular invasion	Present/none	47.6/78.9	0.011	0.834 (0.358-1.939)	0.673
Tumor size (cm)	≥ 5/< 5	58.6/80.2	0.005	1.488 (0.680-3.255)	0.319
Serum AFP level (ng/mL)	≥ 400/< 400	59.5/77.6	0.013	1.181 (0.494-2.2820)	0.708
LiverEncapsulation invasion	Present/none	18.2/76.5	< 0.001	2.282 (0.340-15.307)	0.395
Tumor number	Solitary/multiple	74.4/57.1	0.125
Surgical intervention	Radical resection/palliative resection	78.0/39.5	< 0.001	0.811 (0.138-4.754)	0.817
Postoperative TACE	Yes/no	77.0/48.5	< 0.001	0.192 (2.157-9.159)	<0.001
CCT3 expression in cytoplasm	Positive/negative	66.8/82.2	0.185
CCT3 expression in nucleus	Positive/negative	55.5/84.2	0.015	2.387 (1.144-4.981)	0.020
Child-Pugh classification	A/B	71.7/66.7	0.496

TACE: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.