Prevalence of fatty liver disease and the economy in China: A systematic review

Table 1 Characteristics of surveys included in the study

Ref.	Publication year	Survey year	No. of subjects	Prevalence (%)	Male prevalence (%)	Female prevalence (%)	Cities, provinces	Recruitment methods
Shang et al[35]	2004	2003	14950	7.85	9.12	5.41	Handan, Hebei	Random multistage stratification and cluster sampling
Fan et al[36]	2005	2002-2003	3175	17.29	19.30	15.08	Shanghai	Random multistage stratification and cluster sampling
He et al[37]	2006	2001-2005	14069	17.80	21.70	10.90	Fuoshan, Guangdong	All residents in selected communities
Chen et al[38]	2006	NA	670	12.52	23.54	9.53	Nantong, Jiangsu	All residents in selected communities
Peng et al[39]	2007	2006	5313	9.80	NA	NA	Shantou, Guangdong	All residents in selected communities
Ma et al[40]	2007	NA	2043	13.81	18.55	14.54	Guangdong	Random multistage stratification and cluster sampling
Zhou et al[41]	2007	2005	3164	19.09	21.07	18.03	Guangdong	Random multistage stratification and cluster sampling
Zhang et al[42]	2007	NA	15701	4.80	5.09	4.21	Guangxi	All residents in selected communities
Wang et al[43]	2007	1995-2004	12247	22.20	28.10	13.80	Wuhan, Hubei	All residents in selected communities
Tang et al[44]	2007	2006	628	4.10	NA	NA	Zhuzhou, Hunan	Cluster sampling
Luo et al[45]	2007	NA	5267	24.20	30.77	17.32	Shaoyang, Hunan	Random multistage stratification and cluster sampling
Huang et al[46]	2007	2005	1495	16.76	19.90	10.20	Nantong, Jiangsu	Random multistage stratification and cluster sampling
Shi et al[47]	2007	NA	5703	3.50	NA	NA	Shenyang, Liaoning	Cluster sampling
Yan et al[48]	2007	2005	1500	16.46	20.72	7.34	Shanxi/ Gansu	Random multistage stratification and cluster sampling
Zhou et al[49]	2009	NA	95567	19.86	22.37	17.20	Ningbo, Zhejiang	Random multistage stratification and cluster sampling
Yu[50]	2010	2008	14739	14.97	11.60	18.25	Nanjing, Jiangsu	All residents in selected communities
Yi[51]	2011	NA	669	9.26	NA	NA	Jiangmen, Guangdong	All residents in selected communities
Zhang et al[52]	2011	2010	1116	15.68	19.07	14.15	Dongguan, Guangdong	All residents in selected communities
Lu et al[53]	2011	2009-2010	502	16.40	18.30	14.85	Guangzhou, Guangdong	Random multistage stratification and cluster sampling
Qu et al[54]	2011	2008	9871	7.22	7.86	6.55	Yichang, Hubei	Random multistage stratification and cluster sampling
Shi et al[55]	2011	2007	3815	19.06	19.31	19.18	Changchun, Jilin	Random sampling
Zheng et al[56]	2011	2008	1872	11.96	14.58	10.26	Wenzhou, Zhejiang	Cluster sampling
Qin et al[57]	2012	2011	3017	21.25	24.53	20.40	Shanghai	Cluster sampling
Yan et al[58]	2013	NA	3762	35.10	45.30	30.00	Beijing	Random multistage stratification and cluster sampling
Pan et al[59]	2014	2012-2013	800	21.00	26.75	15.06	Guangzhou, Guangdong	Random multistage stratification and cluster sampling
Zhou[60]	2014	2008	6129	20.54	20.11	20.86	Shanghai	All residents in selected communities
Zhou[60]	2014	2012	6298	22.39	25.05	20.47	Shanghai	All residents in selected communities

NA: Not applicable.

Table 2 Pooled prevalences and correlation analyses

	No. of studies	Weighted mean prevalence (%)	Lower-upper 95%CI (%)	Correlations between prevalence, survey years and GDP per capita
				Adjusted R2	P value		Equations
					GDP per capita	Survey years
Mainland China	27	16.73	13.92-19.53	0.8736	0.00426	0.0000394	Prevalence = 0.0001352 x GDP per capita + 0.005158 x year
Region
Interior areas	8	11.931	5.11-18.74	0.7150	NA	0.0025100	Prevalence = 0.006601 x year
Coastal areas	19	18.531	15.37-21.68	0.9196	0.00241	0.0028100	Prevalence = 0.0001591 x GDP per capita + 0.004391 x year
Gender
Female	23	14.012	11.42-16.61	0.9110	0.000808	0.0000554	Prevalence = 0.0001333 x GDP per capita + 0.004394 x year
Male	23	19.282	15.68-22.88	0.8741	0.066800	0.0000248	Prevalence = 0.0001108 x GDP per capita + 0.007886 x year
Region + Gender
Females in interior areas	7	9.293	3.65-14.94	0.7394	NA	0.0038200	Prevalence = 0.00526 x year
Females in coastal areas	16	17.1034	14.30-19.89	0.9397	0.008230	0.0017300	Prevalence = 0.0001243 x GDP per capita + 0.0047037 x year
Males in interior areas	7	13.92	4.53-23.31	0.7330	NA	0.0041200	Prevalence = 0.008618 x year
Males in coastal areas	16	21.824	17.94-25.71	0.9132	0.096440	0.0015600	Prevalence = 0.0001172 x GDP per capita + 0.007758 x year

¹The P-value is 0.2420, interior vs coastal areas;

²The P-value is 0.0071, female vs male;

³The P-value is 0.0329, female: interior areas vs coastal areas;

⁴The P-value is 0.0157, coastal areas: female vs male. NA: Not applicable.

Table 3 Characteristics of surveys included in the study

Ref.	Publication year	Survey year	Years in analysis	GDP per capita (Yuan)	Diagnosis criteria	Ages of subjects
Shi et al	2007	NA	2005	29985	NA	18
Tang et al	2007	2006	2006	16526	Self-defined	18
Zhang et al	2007	NA	2006	8762	NA	20
Qu et al	2011	2008	2008	25445	Standards of Ultrasonic Medicine (Chunzheng Wang, 2006, People's Medical Publishing House)	35-74
Shang et al	2004	2003	2003	8936	Chinese Medical Association, 2002 Guideline	NA
Yi et al	2011	NA	2009	32484	6th Chinese Academic Materials, People's Medical Publishing House	18
Peng et al	2007	2006	2006	14956	Ultrasonic Medicine (Yong-Chang Zhou, 2006, Scientific and Technical Documentation Press)	NA
Zheng et al	2011	2008	2008	31555	Chinese Medical Association, 2006 Guideline	18
Chen et al	2006	NA	2004	15806	Chinese Medical Association, 2002 Guideline	20
Ma et al	2007	NA	2005	41166	Chinese Medical Association, 2002 Guideline	18
Yu et al	2010	2008	2008	49744	Ultrasonic Medicine (Yong-Chang Zhou, 2006, Scientific and Technical Documentation Press)	20
Zhang et al	2011	2010	2010	51653	NA	NA
Lu et al	2011	2009-2010	2009	79383	Chinese Medical Association, 2002 Guideline	18
Yan et al	2007	2005	2005	14847	Chinese Medical Association, 2006 Guideline	18-81
Huang et al	2007	2005	2005	19061	Chinese Medical Association Guideline, unknown year	NA
Fan et al	2005	2002-2003	2002	33958	Chinese Medical Association, 2002 Guideline	16
He et al	2006	2001-2005	2003	28162	Chinese Medical Association, 2002 Guideline	16
Shi et al	2011	2007	2007	28131	Chinese Medical Association, 2006 Guideline	18
Zhou et al	2007	2005	2005	41166	Chinese Medical Association, 2006 Guideline	18
Zhou et al	2009	NA	2007	61032	Chinese Medical Association, 2002 Guideline	18
Zhou et al	2014	2008	2008	66932	Chinese Medical Association, 2002 Guideline	35
Pan et al	2014	2012-2013	2012	106909	Self-defined	20
Qin et al	2012	2011	2011	82560	Chinese Medical Association, 2010 Guideline	40-70
Wang et al	2007	1995-2004	1999	14751	Chinese Medical Association, 2002 Guideline	18
Zhou et al	2014	2012	2012	85373	Chinese Medical Association, 2002 Guideline	35
Luo et al	2007	NA	2005	5439	Chinese Medical Association, 2002 Guideline	18
Yan et al	2013	NA	2011	80394	Chinese Medical Association, 2006 Guideline	20

NA: Not applicable.