Improving recognition of hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumor: Case report and literature review

Table 1 The year reported, location, size, age, sex, clinical symptoms, and imaging findings of 33 cases of hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumor

Year reported	Reference	Authors	Age (yr)	Sex	Size (cm)	Location	Clinical symptoms	Detail of imaging findings	Country	Vessels in lesion
2014	our case		58	M	4.5	Lateral segment	abdominal bloating	HCC pattern	Asian	Yes
2014	[6]	Bergamo et al	31	F	10.0	Right lobe	vomiting and gastric reflux	early enhancement only	Asian
2014	[7]	Zhang et al	63	F	3.5	S5	None	HCC pattern	European
2013	[8]	Khaja et al	51	F	4.0	S4	None	HCC pattern	Other
2013	[9]	Tay et al	51	F	9.0	S2/3	appetite loss	HCC pattern	Asian	Yes
2013	[10]	Liu et al	25	F	5.5	S7	None	early enhancement only	Asian
2013	[11]	Shen et al	55	M	1.5	S6	None	HCC pattern	Asian
2013	[12]	Jafari et al	53	F	7.5	Lateral segment	epigastralgia	HCC pattern	European
2013	[13]	Cheung et al	53	F	10.0	Right lobe	abdominal discomfort	HCC pattern	Asian
2013	[14]	Zhao et al	58	M	7.6	S6	abdominal distention	HCC pattern	Asian
2013	[15]	Yu et al	41	F	2.2	S6	abdominal pain and vomiting	HCC pattern	Asian
2012	[16]	Tan et al	38	F	4.0	Right lobe(S8)	3 patients; colic pain or abdominal discomfort	HCC pattern	Asian
2012			34	F	4.3	Right lobe(S8)		None	Asian
2012			49	F	2.5	Left lobe		None	Asian
2012			75	F	8.0	Right lobe		None	Asian
2012			33	F	2.5	Right lobe		None	Asian
2012			71	M	None	Right lobe		None	Asian
2012			41	F	multiple	Left lobe		non early enhancement-gradual enhancement	Asian
2012	[17]	Durczyński, et al	18	F	15.0	Left lobe	Unknown	None	European
2011	[18]	Ahn et al	36	F	7.0	Left lobe	(tumor palpable)	HCC pattern	Asian
2009	[19]	Akitake et al	36	F	3.5	S2	None	HCC pattern	Asian
2009	[20]	Strzelczyk et al	57	F	20.0	Right lobe	abdominal pain and vomiting	non-contrast CT	European
2009	[21]	Sánchez Pérez et al	32	F	5.5	S7	None	no early enhancement	European
2009	[22]	Priola et al	36	F	11.0	Left lobe	abdominal pain	hemorrhage	European
2009	[23]	Patra et al	50	F	15.0	Right lobe	abdominal pain	early-gradual enhancement	Asian
2008	[24]	Della Vigna et al	46	F	3.5	S3	None	HCC pattern	European
2008	[25]	Paiva et al	51	F	0.8	Left lobe	None	None	Other
2008	[26]	Zimmermann et al	53	M	8.6	Right lobe	abdominal pain	None	Other
2007	[27]	Larbcharoensub et al	31	F	1.8	S8	abdominal pain	HCC pattern	Asian
2007	[28]	Fang et al	56	F	5.1	S4	abdominal distention	enhancement in the portal phase	Asian
2007			63	F	8.0	S1	None	HCC pattern and late enhancement	Asian
2007	[29]	Svajdler et al	55	F	3.5	S4	None	HCC pattern	European
2006	[30]	Parfitt et al	60	F	14.0	Right lobe	abdominal discomfort and pain	None	Other

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; CT: Computed tomography.

Table 2 The year reported, location, size, age, sex, clinical symptoms, enhanced images and vessels within the lesions of 40 cases with hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma

Year reported	Reference	Authors	Age (yr)	Sex	Size (cm)	Location	Clinical symptoms	Detail of imaging findings	Vessels in lesion	Country
2013	[31]	Occhionorelli et al	25	F	8.0	Left lobe	Abdominal pain	Early-gradual Enhancement		European
2013	[32]	Saito et al	46	M	1.2	S2	None	Early-gradual Enhancement		Asian
2013	[33]	Zhao et al	54	F	0.6	S4	None	HCC pattern		Asian
			30	F	3.7	S7	None	Non early enhancement-gradual Enhancement		Asian
			49	N	9.7	S4	None	Early-gradual Enhancement		Asian
			51	F	3.0	S5	None	HCC pattern		Asian
			52	M	3.2	S6	None	HCC pattern and late Enhancement		Asian
2013	[34]	Lo et al	70	F	24	Right lobe	Abdominal distention	None		Asian
			47	F	0.2	Right lobe	None	Early-gradual Enhancement		Asian
			41	F	10.0	Left lobe	Abdominal discomfort	HCC pattern		Asian
			40	F	9.0	Right lobe	Epigastralgia	HCC pattern		Asian
			36	F	7.5	Right lobe	None	HCC pattern		Asian
2012	[35]	Agaimy et al	63	F	1.0	S2/3	Nausea	HCC pattern		European
2013	[36]	Ji et al	64	F	5.0	S1	None	HCC pattern	Yes	Asian
			43	F	6.0	S2/3	None	Early-gradual Enhancement	Yes	Asian
			56	F	4.0	S4	None	Early-gradual Enhancement		Asian
			40	F	8.5	S2/3	None	HCC pattern	Yes	Asian
			46	F	4.2	S7/8	None	HCC pattern	Yes	Asian
			32	F	6.0	S2/3	None	HCC pattern	Yes	Asian
2012	[37]	Xie et al	32	F	3.4	S7	Dyspnea	HCC pattern		Other
2010	[38]	Wen et al	25	M	4.1	S4	None	HCC pattern		Asian
2009	[39]	Leenman et al	29	F	5.0	S3	Abdominal pain	None		Other
2009	[40]	Xu et al	51	F	6.5/4	S6/7, S4	Unknown	No early enhancement	Yes	Asian
			42	F	3.2	S1	Unknown	No early enhancement		Asian
			35	F	6.5	S6	Unknown	Early enhancement only	Yes	Asian
			36	F	0.5	S4	Unknown	Early enhancement only	Yes	Asian
			17	F	9.0	S578	Unknown	Early enhancement only	Yes	Asian
			55	F	4.0	S2/3	Unknown	Early enhancement only	Yes	Asian
			36	F	2.0	S4	Unknown	Early enhancement only	Yes	Asian
			46	F	3.0	S2/3	Unknown	Early enhancement only	Yes	Asian
			47	F	1.5	S6	Unknown	Early enhancement only	Yes	Asian
2009	[41]	Alatassi et al	26	F	11 (multiple)	Multiple	None	None		Other
2007	[42]	Khalbuss et al	39	F	12.0	S2/3	Abdominal pain	None		Other
2006	[43]	Rouquie et al	67	F	7.0	S4	None	Early enhancement only	Yes	European
2004	[44]	Tryggvason et al	42	F	6.0	S2/3	Abdominal pain	HCC pattern		European
2000	[45]	Savastano et al	39	F	1.2	S2/3	Unknown	HCC pattern	Yes	European
2000	[46]	Flemming et al	46	F	3.5/1	S6, S3	Unknown	Early enhancement only		European
			50	F	6.0	S1	Unknown	HCC pattern		European
			46	F	19.0	S4-8	Unknown	HCC pattern		European
2000	[47]	Yamasaki et al	30	F	2.0	Right lobe	None	Early enhancement only		Asian