Proton pump inhibitors in prevention of low-dose aspirin-associated upper gastrointestinal injuries

Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis

Ref.	Country/region	Risk factors	Ppis			Control			Peptic ulcer		UGIB		MACE		Diarrhea
			Drug	n	Dose (mg/d)	Drug	n	Dose (mg/d)	PPI	Control	PPI	Control	PPI	Control	PPI	Control
Lai et al[3]	Hong Kong	ADA-induced ulcers	Lansoprazole	62	30	Placebo	61	-	1	9	0	8	-	-	-	-
		H. pylori eradicated
Yeomans et al[4]	10 countries	Aged ≥ 60, without	Esomeprazole	493	20	Placebo	498	-	8	27	2	4	8	14	-	-
		ulcer
Bhatt et al[5]	15 countries	Combined with clopidogrel	Omeprazole	1876	20	Placebo	1885	-	2	6	8	26	55	54	56	34
Ren et al[6]	China	Combined with clopidogrel	Omeprazole	86	20	Placebo	86	-	-	-	0	2	22	22	-	-
Scheiman et al[8]	20 countries	H. pylori-negative, high risk	Esomeprazole	1623	20-40	Placebo	804	-	19	53	1	3	1	1	48	18
Sugano et al[9]	Japan	With a history of ulcer	Lansoprazole	226	15	Gefarnate	235	100	6	53	2	9	-	-	19	2
Sanuki et al[7]	Japan	With a history of ulcer	Rabeprazole	176	10-20	Gefarnate	85	100	9	20	0	1	-	-	-	-
Ng et al[12]	Hong Kong	Aspirin-related ulcers/erosions	Pantoprazole	65	20	Famotidine	65	80	0	6	0	5	-	-	-	-
Ng et al[11]	Hong Kong	Combined with clopidogrel	Esomeprazole	163	20	Famotidine	148	40	1	5	3	12	7	5	-	-
Yano et al[10]	Japan	Combined with clopidogrel	Omeprazole	65	10	Famotidine	65	20	-	-	3	1	8	11	-	-

PPIs: Proton pump inhibitors; UGIB: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding; MACE: Major adverse cardiovascular events; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Table 2 Bias risk evaluation of the studies included in the meta-analysis

Ref.	Random sequence generation	Allocation blinding	Blinding of participants and personnel	Blinding of outcome assessment	Imcomplete outcome data	Selective reporting	Other bias
Lai et al[3]	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Yeomans et al[4]	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Bhatt et al[5]	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	high risk
Ren et al[6]	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Scheiman et al[8]	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Sugano et al[9]	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Sanuki et al[7]	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Ng et al[12]	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Ng et al[11]	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Yano et al[10]	Low risk	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk