Current management of hepatocellular carcinoma: An Eastern perspective

Table 1 Expanded criteria for liver transplantation proposed in Eastern countries

Criteria (city, country, reference)	Tumor number	Tumor diameter (cm)	Additional criteria	Overall survivalwithin criteria
Hong Kong, China[20]	1	≤ 6.5	No diffuse type,	3 yr	78%
	≤ 3	≤ 4.5	no vascular invasion	5 yr	66%
Hangzhou, China[21]	NC	Total ≤ 8	Histopathologic grade I or II with AFP ≤ 400 ng/dL if tumor > 8 cm	3 yr	70.7%
				5 yr	70.7%
Seoul (AMC), Korea[22]	≤ 6	≤ 5	No gross vascular invasion	3 yr	87.5%
				5 yr	81.6%
Seoul (CMC), Korea[23]	≤ 7	≤ 7	NC	5 yr	86.3%
Tokyo, Japan[24]	≤ 5	≤ 5	NC	3 yr	82%
				5 yr	75%
Kyoto, Japan[25]	≤ 10	≤ 5	PIVKA-II ≤ 400 mAU/mL	5 yr	87%

AMC: Asan medical center; CMC: Catholic medical center; AFP: Alfa-fetoprotein; PIVKA II: Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II; NC: Not commented.

Table 2 Randomized controlled trials with molecular target therapies[92]

	Status
First line
Comparison with placebo
Sorafenib (SHARP, Asian-Pacific)	Proven benefit
Sorafenib in Child B (BOOST)	Phase III Ongoing
Comparison study between sorafenib and single agent (head to head)
Sunitinib -> endpoint not met	Terminated
Brivanib (BRISK-FL) -> endpoint not met	Failed
Linifanib -> endpoint not met	Terminated
Lenvatinib	Phase III ongoing
Combination of sorafenib and another agent
Sorafenib + Erlotinib (SEARCH) -> endpoint not met	Failed
Sorafenib + Doxorubicin (CALGB-80802)	Phase III ongoing
Sorafenib + Everolimus	R-Phase II; Failed
Second line
Sorafenib failure
Brivanib (BRISK-PS) -> endpoint not met	Failed
Brivanib (BRISK-APS)	Terminated
Everolimus (EVOLVE-1) -> endpoint not met	Failed
Ramucirumab (REACH)	Phase III ongoing
Regorafenib (RESORCE)	Phase III ongoing
Cabozantinib (CELESTAL)	Phase III ongoing
Tivantinib (Metiv-HCC)	Phase III ongoing
Combination or addition to standard therapies
Adjuvant setting after surgery or RFA: Sorafenib (STORM)
	Failed
Combination with TACE: Sorafenib (SPACE) -> endpoint not met
	Failed
Brivanib (BRISK-TA) -> endpoint not met	Failed
Sorafenib (TACTICS)	R-Phase II ongoing

RFA: Radiofrequency ablation; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization.