Prognostic significance of nuclear hepatoma-derived growth factor expression in gallbladder cancer

Table 1 Hepatoma-derived growth factor expression in tissues from malignant gallbladder cancer and cholelithiasis groups n (%)

Tissue types	Cases (n)	Nuclear HDGF			Cytoplasmic HDGF
		Positive cases	χ2	P value	Positive cases	χ2	P value
GBC	40	31 (77.5)	20.05	< 0.001	13 (32.5)	1.003	0.317
Cholelithiasis	40	11 (21.5)			9 (22.5)

HDGF: Hepatoma-derived growth factor; GBC: Gallbladder cancer.

Table 2 Association between hepatoma-derived growth factor expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of gallbladder cancer n (%)

Parameter	Category	Cases (n)	HDGF
			Positive cases	χ2	P value
Age	< 60	9	8 (88.9)	0.227	0.634
	≥ 60	31	23 (74.2)
Sex	Male	11	7 (63.6)	0.755	0.385
	Female	29	24 (82.8)
Histopathological subtypes	High	8	3 (37.5)	8.027	0.018
	Middle	14	12 (85.7)
	Low	18	16 (88.9)
TNM stage	0-I	5	1 (20.0)	7.349	0.007
	II-IV	35	30 (85.7)
Lymph node metastasis	Negative	19	14 (73.7)	0.029	0.865
	Positive	21	17 (83.0)
Perineural invasion	Absent	12	5 (41.7)	9.858	0.002
	Present	28	26 (92.9)
Gallbladder stones	Negative	17	14 (82.4)	0.152	0.697
	Positive	23	17 (77.3)

HDGF: Hepatoma-derived growth factor; TNM: Tumor node metastasis.

Table 3 Correlation between patient survival time and hepatoma-derived growth factor expression

Survival time	Cases (n)	HDGF
		Positive cases	χ2	P value
< 1 yr	28	25 (89.3)	5.352	0.021
≥ 1 yr	12	6 (50.0)

HDGF: Hepatoma-derived growth factor.

Table 4 Univariate log-rank analysis of disease-specific survival

Parameter	Category	Cases (n)	Mean survival time (mo) 95%CI	P value
Age	< 60	8	14.8 (4.3-25.2)	0.930
	≥ 60	32	14.3 (9.2-19.4)
Sex	Male	11	20.2 (10.4-30.1)	0.142
	Female	29	12.7 (7.9-17.5)
Histopathological subtypes	High	8	30.4 (21.5-39.2)	0.003
	Middle	14	12.1 (5.6-18.5)
	Low	18	7.2 (4.8-9.7)
TNM stage	0-I	5	36.0 (36.0-36.0)	0.015
	II-IV	35	11.4 (7.4-15.4)
Lymph node metastasis	Negative	19	19.4 (11.4-27.4)	0.005
	Positive	21	9.1 (4.4-13.8)
Perineural invasion	Absent	12	27.6 (18.3-37.0)	0.013
	Present	28	10.3 (6.3-14.2)
HDGF	Negative	9	32.1 (22.1-42.2)	0.001
	Positive	31	9.6 (6.1-13.1)

HDGF: Hepatoma-derived growth factor; TNM: Tumor node metastasis.

Table 5 Multivariate analysis of disease-specific survival

Parameter	Category	HR	95%CI	P value
HDGF expression	Negative	4.298	1.134-88.887	0.038
	Positive
TNM stage	0-I	0.008	0.084-15.014	0.930
	II-IV
Lymph node metastasis	Negative	4.368	1.060-6.134	0.037
	Positive
Histopathological subtypes	High	2.061	0.828-3.402	0.151
	Middle
	Low
Perineural invasion	Absent	0.073	0.218-3.170	0.787
	Present

HR: Hazard ratio; HDGF: Hepatoma-derived growth factor; TNM: Tumor node metastasis.