Quality of life and psychological outcome of donors after living donor liver transplantation

Table 1 Donor characteristics

Factors	Frequency	mean ± SD/percent (%)
Age (yr)		38.94 ± 10.44
≤ 40	42	59.2
> 40	29	40.8
Marital status (married/unmarried)	62/9	87.3/12.7
Gender (male/female)	40/31	56.3/43.7
Educational status
Elementary school	15	21.1
Middle school	46	64.8
University	10	14.1
Occupation
Worker	12	16.9
Peasant	36	50.7
Civil servant	7	9.9
Others2	16	22.5
Complication (yes/no)	5/66	7.0/93.0
Time since operation
≤ 1 yr	16	22.5
> 1 yr, ≤ 2 yr	34	47.9
> 2 yr, ≤ 3 yr	21	29.6
Employment after donation
Full-time	53	74.6
Part-time	9	12.7
No employment	9	12.7
Recipients
Parenthood	9	12.71
Children	9	12.71
Couples	7	9.91
Brothers and sisters	30	42.31
Distant relatives	16	22.51
Recipient health well-being
Fine	56	78.9
Deterioration or death	15	21.1

¹The sum of percentages is not equal to 100% due to rounding error;

²Includes students, unemployed, etc.

Table 2 Health related quality of life after donation

SF-36 domains	Donors (71)	General population	t value	P value
	mean ± SD	mean ± SD
Physical functioning	93.66 ± 7.26	90.80 ± 15.07	2.230	0.033
Role-physical	80.88 ± 33.18	79.51 ± 34.70	0.241	0.811
Bodily pain	71.29 ± 27.15	82.41 ± 21.25	-2.387	0.023
General health	67.33 ± 19.11	67.30 ± 21.97	0.010	0.992
Vitality	67.22 ± 18.72	71.44 ± 15.81	-1.234	0.227
Social functioning	79.69 ± 14.11	85.29 ± 18.06	-2.246	0.032
Role-emotional	76.47 ± 39.81	76.45 ± 38.47	0.003	0.998
Mental health	74.13 ± 17.12	73.52 ± 15.68	0.196	0.846

SF-36: Short Form-36.

Table 3 Psychological symptoms after donation

SCL-90-R dimensions	Donors (71)	Chinese norm	t value	P value
	mean ± SD	mean ± SD
Somatization	1.41 ± 0.39	1.37 ± 0.48	0.600	0.553
Obsessive-compulsive behavior	1.50 ± 0.30	1.62 ± 0.58	-2.119	0.042
Interpersonal sensitivity	1.42 ± 0.32	1.65 ± 0.51	-4.183	< 0.001
Depression	1.39 ± 0.35	1.50 ± 0.59	-1.741	0.092
Anxiety	1.35 ± 0.37	1.39 ± 0.43	-0.708	0.485
Hostility	1.54 ± 0.44	1.48 ± 0.56	0.797	0.432
Phobic anxiety	1.11 ± 0.13	1.23 ± 0.41	-5.312	< 0.001
Paranoid ideation	1.25 ± 0.29	1.43 ± 0.57	-3.472	0.002
Psychoticism	1.25 ± 0.34	1.29 ± 0.42	-0.660	0.514

SCL-90-R: Symptom Checklist-90-Revised.

Table 4 Donor health related quality of life

Factors	Groups	Groups	Groups	t/F value	P value
SF-36 domains	mean ± SD	mean ± SD	mean ± SD
Gender	Male	Female
General health	75.83 ± 22.09	59.78 ± 12.25		t = 2.661	0.012
Age (yr)	≤ 40	> 40
Social functioning	75.00 ± 12.13	85.71 ± 14.59		t = 2.269	0.031
Mental health	68.89 ± 12.98	82.61 ± 20.00		t = 2.184	0.038
Time since operation (yr)	≤ 1	> 1, ≤ 2	> 2, ≤ 3
Physical functioning	82.50 ± 2.89	94.42 ± 6.661	98.33 ± 2.581	F = 9.394	0.001
Bodily pain	52.67 ± 24.35	70.91 ± 27.572	91.33 ± 13.4312	F = 3.513	0.042
Employment after donation	Full-time	Part-time	No employment
Role-physical	93.64 ± 6.93	76.67 ± 12.913	75.00 ± 22.363	F = 5.790	0.005
General health	69.45 ± 18.014	76.22 ± 18.544	50.67 ± 16.03	F = 3.538	0.041
Vitality	74.24 ± 15.52	46.67 ± 8.123	48.33 ± 14.383	F = 9.018	0.001
Social functioning	84.09 ± 12.31	75.00 ± 14.43	66.67 ± 12.913	F = 4.786	0.016
Mental health	81.82 ± 11.89	52.00 ± 5.243	53.33 ± 11.503	F = 18.137	< 0.001
PCS	58.51 ± 5.31	52.31 ± 5.0134	43.59 ± 5.523	F = 11.051	< 0.001
MCS	54.31 ± 6.00	44.56 ± 3.4234	34.92 ± 2.663	F = 32.748	< 0.001
Recipient health well-being	Well	Poor or death
General health	71.57 ± 19.10	55.42 ± 9.03		t = 2.121	0.042
Social functioning	82.69 ± 11.77	66.67 ± 17.08		t = 2.763	0.010
Role-emotional	87.18 ± 31.38	41.67 ± 46.29		t = 2.603	0.028

Only statistically significant data are displayed.

¹Compared with group “≤ 1 yr”, P < 0.05;

²Compared with group “> 1, ≤ 2 yr”, P < 0.05;

³Compared with group “Full-time”, P < 0.05;

⁴Compared with group “No employment”, P < 0.05. SF-36: Short Form-36; PCS: Physical component summary scale; MCS: Mental component summary scale.

Table 5 Correlation analysis between health related quality of life and psychological symptoms

SCL-90-R dimensions	SF-36
	PCS		MCS
	r value	P value	r value	P value
Somatization	0.200	0.290	-0.246	0.190
Obsessive-compulsive behavior	0.173	0.362	-0.421	0.020
Interpersonal sensitivity	-0.067	0.726	-0.545	0.002
Depression	-0.306	0.114	-0.557	0.002
Anxiety	-0.222	0.238	-0.393	0.032
Hostility	-0.335	0.071	-0.456	0.011
Phobic anxiety	0.118	0.535	-0.201	0.266
Paranoid ideation	0.035	0.853	-0.157	0.407
Psychoticism	0.028	0.881	-0.209	0.267

SCL-90-R: Symptom Checklist-90-Revised; SF-36: Short Form-36; PCS: Physical component summary scale; MCS: Mental component summary scale.