Recurrent massive bleeding due to dissecting intramural hematoma of the esophagus: Treatment with therapeutic angiography

Table 1 Summary of 11 patients with dissecting intramural hematoma of the esophagus presenting major hemorrhage

Ref.	Sex/age (yr)	Underlying diseases	Precipitating factor	Primary symptoms	Treatment	Outcome
Atefi et al[9]	M/29	Diabetes	Retching	Hematemesis	Conservative	Died
		Pneumonia
		Hemodialysis
Kerr[15]	F/72	Hypertension	None	Epigastric pain	Conservative	Resolved
Ortiz[16]	F/80	None	Food (rice)	Chest pain, dysphagia	Surgical	Died
Freeman et al[14]	F/59	None	None	Chest pain	Conservative	Resolved
de Vries et al[12]	M/88	None	Minor head trauma	Retrosternal pain	Conservative	Resolved
Folan et al[13]	M/58	Alcoholism	Vegetable (broccoli)	Dysphagia	Surgical	Resolved
Takaoka et al[17]	F/87	Suppurative cholangitis	Nasobiliary catheter	Hematemesis	Conservative	Resolved
Cullen et al[11]	F/74	Hypertension	Heparin IV	Chest pain, dysphagia	Conservative	Resolved
Yamashita et al[18]	F/67	Cerebral aneurysm	Heparin IV	Hematemesis	Conservative	Resolved
			Retching
Bandyopadhyay et al[10]	M/86	Hypertension	Warfarin	Hematemesis	Conservative	Died
		Ischemic heart disease
Present case	M/57	Liver cirrhosis	None	Hematemesis	Therapeutic angiography	Resolved