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©2009 The WJG Press and Baishideng.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 28, 2009; 15(40): 5067-5073
Published online Oct 28, 2009. doi: 10.3748/wjg.15.5067
Published online Oct 28, 2009. doi: 10.3748/wjg.15.5067
Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the 44 patients who completed the questionnaires (mean ± SD)
n (%) | |
Sex | |
Males | 18 (40.9) |
Females | 26 (59.1) |
Age at interview (yr) | 61.0 ± 9.8 |
Disease duration (yr) | 5.8 ± 5.4 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.9 ± 4.3 |
Marital status | |
Single/Widowed/Divorced | 10 (22.7) |
Married | 34 (77.3) |
Diploma | |
Elementary school | 11 (25.0) |
Middle school | 18 (40.9) |
High school | 10 (22.7) |
University degree | 5 (11.4) |
Job | |
Current workers | 32 (72.7) |
Managers | 6 |
Employees | 16 |
Industrial workers | 3 |
Housewives | 7 |
Retired | 12 (27.3) |
Alcohol habit | |
Alcohol drinkers | 18 (40.9) |
Current drinkers | 14 |
Drinking duration (yr) | 40.2 ± 12.5 |
Smoking habit | |
Smokers | 20 (45.5) |
Actual smokers | 5 |
No. of cigarettes smoked per day | 10.6 ± 5.9 |
Smoking duration (yr) | 28.7 ± 13.3 |
Comorbidities | 30 (68.2) |
Non disease specific drugs | 35 (79.5) |
Previous surgery not due to neuroendocrine tumors | 33 (77.0) |
Surgery due to pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors | 35 (79.5) |
Pancreatic head resection | 8 |
Distal pancreatectomy | 20 |
Total pancreatectomy | 2 |
Enucleation | 5 |
Status of neuroendocrine tumors | |
Disease free | 25 (56.8) |
Lymph node involvement/liver metastases | 19 (43.2) |
Specific drugs and treatment | |
No drugs | 30 (68.2) |
Somatostatin analogues alone | 9 (20.5) |
Somatostatin analogues plus radiometabolic therapy | 5 (11.4) |
Pain in the month prior to complete the questionnaire | 17 (38.6) |
Dyspepsia | 24 (54.5) |
Diabetes | 12 (27.3) |
Table 2 Effects of neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas on the SF-12 physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summaries estimated by means of three-way ANOVA adjusted for age (increasing trend among the age classes) and gender
PCS | MCS | |||
Effects (95% CI) | P value | Effects (95% CI) | P value | |
Overall effects of the disease (patients vs normative group) | -1.16 (-5.66 to 3.34) | 0.610 | -5.32 (-10.30 to -0.35) | 0.036 |
Effects of the disease within males | -1.17 (-8.01 to 5.68) | 0.735 | -6.12 (-13.69 to 1.45) | 0.112 |
Effects of the disease within females | -1.15 (-6.99 to 4.69) | 0.697 | -4.53 (-10.99 to 1.93) | 0.167 |
Interaction between the effects of the disease and gender (males vs females) | -0.02 (-9.02 to 8.97) | 0.996 | -1.59 (-11.54 to 8.37) | 0.752 |
Interaction between the effects of the disease and age | 3.32 (-6.96 to 13.60) | 0.522 | 9.54 (-1.84 to 20.92) | 0.099 |
Interaction between the effects of the disease and age within males | 4.10 (-11.88 to 20.09) | 0.611 | 9.24 (-8.44 to 26.93) | 0.301 |
Interaction between the effects of the disease and age within females | 2.54 (-10.39 to 15.48) | 0.697 | 9.84 (-4.47 to 24.15) | 0.175 |
Interaction between the effects of the disease and age and gender | 1.56 (-19.00 to 22.12) | 0.880 | -0.59 (-23.35 to 22.17) | 0.959 |
Table 3 Effects of neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas on the STAI Y-1 (anxiety state) and Y-2 (anxiety trait) estimated by means of three-way ANOVA adjusted for age (increasing trend among the age classes) and gender
STAI anxiety state (Y-1) | STAI anxiety trait (Y-2) | |||
Effects (95% CI) | P value | Effects (95% CI) | P value | |
Overall effects of the disease (patients vs normative group) | -5.16 (-12.56 to 2.23) | 0.169 | 0.77 (-5.84 to 7.39) | 0.817 |
Effects of the disease within males | -4.66 (-16.98 to 7.67) | 0.454 | -0.48 (-11.50 to 10.54) | 0.932 |
Effects of the disease within females | -5.66 (-13.84 to 2.51) | 0.172 | 2.02 (-5.29 to 9.33) | 0.584 |
Interaction between the effects of the disease and gender (males vs females) | 1.00 (-13.79 to 15.79) | 0.893 | -2.50 (-15.72 to 10.73) | 0.708 |
Interaction between the effects of the disease and age | 7.69 (-7.10 to 22.48) | 0.304 | -2.58 (-15.81 to 10.64) | 0.698 |
Interaction between the effects of the disease and age within males | 5.30 (-19.35 to 29.95) | 0.670 | -0.05 (-22.09 to 21.99) | 0.996 |
Interaction between the effects of the disease and age within females | 10.07 (-6.28 to 26.42) | 0.224 | -5.12 (-19.74 to 9.51) | 0.488 |
Interaction between the effects of the disease and age and gender | -4.77 (-34.35 to 24.81) | 0.749 | 5.06 (-21.39 to 31.51) | 0.704 |
Table 4 Relationships between SF-12 and STAI scores, and GHQ-12 and BDI-II scores in the 44 patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas (mean ± SD)
SF-12 | STAI | |||
PCS | MCS | Anxiety state (Y-1) | Anxiety trait (Y-2) | |
GHQ-121 | ||||
Subjects without non-psychotic psychiatric disorders (score ≤ 4, n = 33) | 46.1 ± 9.8 | 44.4 ± 11.8 | 42.3 ± 10.9 | 39.1 ± 10.1 |
Subjects with psychotic psychiatric disorders (score > 4, n = 11) | 40.6 ± 13.9 | 36.1 ± 15.0 | 50.7 ± 13.9 | 49.6 ± 10.3 |
P value | 0.156 | 0.066 | 0.043 | 0.005 |
BDI-II2 | ||||
Absence of depression (score ≤ 13, n = 27) | 48.2 ± 8.8 | 47.3 ± 10.3 | 39.1 ± 9.1 | 36.1 ± 8.1 |
Mild depression (score 14-19, n = 9) | 40.0 ± 11.8 | 40.1 ± 14.8 | 44.2 ± 7.7 | 43.6 ± 4.6 |
Moderate depression (score 20-28, n = 8) | 38.4 ± 13.3 | 28.2 ± 8.3 | 62.3 ± 7.2 | 58.8 ± 4.3 |
Severe depression (score > 28, n = 0) | - | - | - | - |
P value | 0.010 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Table 5 Relationship between demographic and clinical characteristics of the 44 patients who completed the questionnaires and the results of the questionnaires used (in bold the significant associations)
P | ||||||
SF-12 PCS | SF-12 MCS | GHQ-12 | STAI Y-1 | STAI Y-2 | BDI-II | |
Gender (males vs females) | 0.5891 | 0.6301 | 0.4802 | 0.3171 | 0.2141 | 0.3873 |
Age at interview | 0.1134 | 0.0424 (r = 0.309) | 0.3511 | 0.0384 (r = -0.314) | 0.3094 | 0.5255 |
Disease duration | 0.9624 | 0.7514 | 0.9121 | 0.6694 | 0.7524 | 0.8565 |
BMI | 0.7664 | 0.1854 | 0.1251 | 0.2414 | 0.5144 | 0.7235 |
Marital status (single vs married) | 0.1811 | 0.0931 | 0.2372 | 0.1101 | 0.5561 | 0.4433 |
Diploma (trend from elementary school to university degree) | 0.1855 | 0.9165 | 0.6483 | 0.7055 | 0.3735 | 0.4053 |
Job (workers vs retired) | 0.2401 | 0.0321 (-9.4 ± 4.23) | 0.2402 | 0.0541 | 0.0571 | 0.2273 |
Alcohol habit (drinkers vs non-drinkers) | 0.4071 | 0.7451 | 0.4802 | 0.6531 | 0.7241 | 0.9303 |
Smoking habit (smokers vs non-smokers) | 0.3491 | 0.4651 | 0.2942 | 0.1241 | 0.1221 | 0.6013 |
Comorbidities (present vs absent) | 0.6511 | 0.9231 | 1.0002 | 0.4351 | 0.2021 | 0.4023 |
Non-disease specific drugs (yes vs no) | 0.0321 (-8.7 ± 3.9) | 0.3221 | 0.0852 | 0.3691 | 0.1521 | 0.1403 |
Previous surgery not due to neuroendocrine tumors (yes vs no) | 0.7751 | 0.2381 | 0.2412 | 0.4391 | 0.4371 | 0.3213 |
Surgery due to pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (yes vs no) | 0.0491 (8.1 ± 4.0) | 0.7781 | 0.6692 | 0.9871 | 0.8801 | 0.9573 |
Disease status (disease free patients vs patients having lymph node involvement or liver metastases) | 0.8751 | 0.4541 | 1.0002 | 0.3001 | 0.1691 | 0.1053 |
Specific treatment (yes vs no) | 0.8161 | 0.4541 | 0.7222 | 0.9251 | 0.7331 | 0.9853 |
Pain in the last month (present vs absent) | 0.1521 | 0.3711 | 0.0752 | 0.0461 (7.4 ± 3.6) | 0.0491 (6.7 ± 3.3) | 0.1903 |
Dyspepsia (present vs absent) | 0.1151 | 0.0251 (-8.7 ± 3.8) | 0.7282 | 0.1991 | 0.1951 | 0.01536 |
Diabetes (present vs absent) | 0.9081 | 0.2631 | 0.4572 | 0.8831 | 0.5811 | 0.9383 |
- Citation: Pezzilli R, Campana D, Morselli-Labate AM, Fabbri MC, Brocchi E, Tomassetti P. Patient-reported outcomes in subjects with neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15(40): 5067-5073
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v15/i40/5067.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.15.5067