Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma accompanied by microscopic portal vein invasion

Table 1 Univariate analysis of clinicopathological prognostic factors for cumulative survival rate

Factors	Survival rate (%)			P value
	1 yr	3 yr	5 yr
Age (yr)
< 67 (n = 27)	80.6	60.4	42.1	0.9546
≥ 67 (n = 28)	96.6	75.7	50.0
Gender
Male (n = 41)	92.6	72.3	45.2	0.7614
Female (n = 14)	78.6	50.0	42.9
Platelets (104/mm3)
< 1.5 (n = 27)	92.6	61.7	46.6	0.7341
≥ 1.5 (n = 28)	85.7	67.5	46.0
Albumin (g/dL)
< 3.9 (n = 27)	100	76.9	47.2	0.6123
≥ 3.9 (n = 28)	79.0	56.8	47.5
Tumor size (cm)
< 4.3 (n = 27)	92.4	72.8	35.9	0.8752
≥ 4.3 (n = 28)	85.7	60.7	52.0
AFP (ng/mL)
0-27 (n = 28)	96.4	71.3	55.4	0.1001
> 27 (n = 27)	81.2	61.6	35.8
DCP (mAU/mL)
0-300 (n = 18)	94.1	75.1	75.1	0.1834
≥ 300 (n = 18)	83.3	55.6	55.6
Operative procedure
Anatomical resection (n = 32)	90.5	74.2	51.4	0.0620
Non-anatomic resection (n = 23)	87.0	55.9	39.5
Tumor grade of differentiation
Moderate (n = 38)	97.3	70.0	54.9	0.1076
Poor (n = 17)	70.6	58.8	30.3
IM (-) (n = 31)	96.8	66.7	56.5	0.2625
IM (+) (n = 24)	79.2	66.7	32.8
PVI-S (n = 44)	97.7	76.5	51.2	0.0019
PVI-M (n = 11)	54.5	27.3	27.3

IM: Intrahepatic metastasis.

Table 2 Univariate analysis of clinicopathological prognostic factors for disease-free survival rate

Factors	Survival rates (%)			P value
	1 yr	3 yr	5 yr
Age (yr)
< 67 (n = 27)	54.7	31.9	31.9	0.7438
≥ 67 (n = 28)	72.5	21.3
Gender
Male (n = 41)	68.7	27.3	22.7	0.2716
Female (n = 14)	48.6	19.4	19.4
Platelets (104/mm3)
< 1.5 (n = 27)	52.8	7.9	7.9	0.1703
≥ 1.5 (n = 28)	74.2	33.7	33.7
Albumin (g/dL)
< 3.9 (n = 27)	61.5	22.6	16.9	0.8555
≥ 3.9 (n = 28)	65.8	29.4	29.4
Tumor size (cm)
< 4.3 (n = 27)	62.9	35.0	35.0	0.4474
≥ 4.3 (n = 28)	64.8	17.0	11.3
AFP (ng/mL)
0-27 (n = 28)	59.1	39.4	39.4	0.1692
> 27 (n = 27)	68.0	14.6	9.7
DCP (mAU/mL)
< 300 (n = 18)	72.5	43.5	43.5	0.2995
≥ 300 (n = 18)	63.0	21.0	14.0
Operative procedure
Anatomical resection (n = 32)	82.3	33.0	33.0	0.0074
Non-anatomical resection (n = 23)	40.9	17.0	11.4
Tumor grade of differentiation
Moderate (n = 38)	69.3	36.7	31.4	0.0661
Poor (n = 17)	52.9	7.4	7.4
IM (-) (n = 31)	67.1	28.2	23.5	0.4761
IM (+) (n = 24)	59.8	22.1	22.1
PVI-S (n = 44)	74.6	27.4	23.5	0.0072
PVI-M (n = 11)	20.0	20.0

Table 3 Comparison of recurrence patterns for 55 HCC patients with single or multiple PVI n (%)

Recurrence pattern	None	Nodular	Multiple
PVI-S (n = 44)	16 (36)	15 (34)	13 (30)
PVI-M (n = 11)	2 (18)	0	9 (82)

The incidence of multiple recurrence in PVI-M was significantly higher than that in PVI-S (P = 0.0049).

Table 4 Impact of operative procedures (non-anatomical versus anatomical resection) was examined in patients with PVI-S, depending on cumulative survival rate and disease-free survival rates

Factors	Survival rates (%)			P value
	1 yr	3 yr	5 yr
Cumulative survival
Anatomical resection (n = 26)	96.2	83.9	55.0	0.0782
Non-anatomical resection (n = 18)	100	65.8	46.1
Disease-free survival
Anatomical resection (n = 26)	90.9	32.2	32.2	0.0370
Non-anatomical resection (n = 18)	52.9	22.1	14.7

Table 5 Impact of operative procedures (non-anatomical versus anatomical resection) was examined in patients with PVI-M, depending on cumulative survival and disease-free survival rates

Factors	Survival rates (%)			P value
	1 yr	3 yr	5 yr
Cumulative survival
Anatomical resection (n = 6)	66.7	33.3	33.3	0.4497
Non-anatomical resection (n = 5)	40.0	20.0	20.0
Disease-free survival
Anatomical resection (n = 6)	40.0	20.0	20.0	0.2651
Non-anatomical resection (n = 5)	0