Portal hemodynamics as predictors of high risk esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 85 cirrhotic patients [as n (%) or mean ± SD]

Gender
Male	43 (50.6)
Female	42 (49.4)
Etiology
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)	40 (47.0)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)	12 (14.1)
Cryptogenic	14 (16.5)
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)	17 (20.0)
Alcohol	2 (2.4)
Wilson’s disease	1 (1.2)
Size of esophageal varices
None	16 (18.8)
Small (grade I-II)	50 (58.8)
Large (grade III-IV)	19 (22.3)
Size	7.9 (± 3.4)
Gastric varices	11 (12.9)
Portal hypertrophic gastropathy	75 (88.2)
Portal vein diameter (mm)	13.5 (± 2.4)
Splenic axis (cm)	15.7 (± 3.1)
Portal vein flow (cm/s)	14.6 (± 4.8)
Splenic artery resistance	0.7 (± 0.1)
Hepatic artery resistance	0.7 (± 0.1)

Table 2 mean ± SD of the primary and derivative echo-Doppler factors in study population according to presence of esophageal varices in any size

	With EV	Without EV	P value	AUC
Portal vein flow velocity (cm/s)	13.25 ± 3.66	20.25 ± 5.05	< 0.0005	0.113
Portal vein diameter (mm)	13.88 ± 2.42	12.00 ± 1.69	0.004	0.242
Hepatic artery resistance index	0.73 ± 0.07	0.66 ± 0.07	0.001	0.210
Splenic artery resistance index	0.73 ± 0.06	0.62 ± 0.08	< 0.0005	0.168
Spleen size (cm)	15.98 ± 3.01	14.76 ± 3.66	0.166	0.431
Liver vascular index	8.31 ± 2.72	17.08 ± 6.28	< 0.0005	0.114
Congestion index	0.11 ± 0.03	0.06 ± 0.03	< 0.0005	0.128
Portal hypertensive index	2.62 ± 0.79	1.33 ± 0.53	< 0.0005	0.072

EV: Esophageal varices; AUC: Area under the curve.

Table 3 mean ± SD of the primary and derivative echo-Doppler factors according to presence of large esophageal varices

	With LEV	Without LEV	P value	AUC
Portal vein flow velocity (cm/s)	12.13 ± 2.59	15.26 ± 5.06	0.001	0.715
Portal vein diameter (mm)	14.54 ± 1.48	13.24 ± 2.55	0.037	0.748
Hepatic artery resistance index	0.80 ± 0.06	0.70 ± 0.06	0.003	0.820
Splenic artery resistance index	0.76 ± 0.11	0.69 ± 0.06	< 0.0005	0.656
Spleen size (cm)	17.62 ± 3.05	15.21 ± 2.99	0.003	0.724
Liver vascular index	6.48 ± 2.78	10.96 ± 5.05	< 0.0005	0.817
Congestion index	0.14 ± 0.04	0.09 ± 0.03	< 0.0005	0.797
Portal hypertensive index	3.18 ± 0.90	2.14 ± 0.77	< 0.0005	0.791

LEV: Large esophageal varices; AUC: Area under the curve.

Table 4 Logistic regression model to predict the presence of large esophageal varices in newly diagnosed patients with compensated cirrhosis

	P value	Odds ratio	95% CI
Congestive index	0.252	0	-
Portal hypertensive index	0.040	4.83	1.08-21.65
Liver vascular index	0.151	0.72	-
Spleen size	0.002	1.77	1.23-2.55