Evaluation of the effects of combined endoscopic variceal ligation and splenectomy with pericardial devascularization on esophageal varices

Table 1 Clinical data on 43 patients undergoing endoscopic variceal ligation and splenectomy with pericardial devascularization

Sex
M:F	28:15
Mean age ± SD (range) (yr)	50.8 ± 11.2 (20-66)
Etiology of liver cirrhosis
Posthepatic	41
Schistosomiasis	1
Alcoholic	1
Liver function, Child-Pugh classification
A	16
B	18
C	9
History of upper gastrointestinal bleeding	30

Table 2 Alteration in varices inside and outside of the esophageal wall and formation of perforating veins (n = 43)

	Pre-treatment	Post-treatment
	n (%)	n (%)
EV
Mild	0 (0)	43 (100)
Moderate	26 (60.47)	0 (0)
Severe	17 (39.53)	0 (0)
Peri-ECVs
Mild	13 (30.23)	43 (100)
Severe	30 (69.77)	0 (0)
Para-ECVs
Mild	20 (46.51)	42 (97.67)
Severe	23 (53.49)	1 (2.33)
Perforating veins
Detectable	34 (79.07)	2 (4.65)
Undetectable	9 (20.93)	41 (95.35)

EV: Varices inside of the esophageal wall; Peri-ECVs: Periesophageal collateral veins; Para-ECVs: Paraesophageal collateral veins.

Table 3 Alteration in inside diameter, blood flow and blood flow rate of azygous vein (mean ± SD)

	Inside diameter(mm)	Blood flow(cm/s)	Blood flow rate(mL/s)
Pre-treatment	10.12 ± 1.16	1.00 ± 0.14	22.73 ± 5.46
Post-treatment	7.20 ± 1.13b	0.57 ± 0.05b	20.15 ± 4.66

^bP < 0.01 vs pre-treatment group (ANOVA).