Copyright
©2006 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 28, 2006; 12(36): 5763-5766
Published online Sep 28, 2006. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i36.5763
Published online Sep 28, 2006. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i36.5763
Table 1 Acute drug studies in esophageal achalasia
| Author | Drug | n | % of LES decrease |
| Wright (1961) | Butylschopolamine | 3 | Decreased |
| Von Weiser (1977) | Nifedipine | 6 | 30 |
| Becker (1981) | Verapamil | 3 | Unchanged |
| Cargill (1982) | Nifedipine | 6 | Decreased |
| Hongo (1982) | Nifedipine | 8 | 45 |
| Di Marino (1982) | Carbutoerol | 10 | 55 |
| Nashrallah (1983) | Nifedipine | 7 | 55 |
| Becker (1983) | Verapamil | 7 | 31 |
| Traube (1984) | Nifedipine | 20 | 30 |
| Wong (1987) | Terbutaline Aminophyllin | 15 | Decreased |
| Bassotti (1988) | Nitroglycerin | 9 | 70 |
| Guelrud (1992) | VIP | 6 | 51 |
| Marzio (1994) | Cimetropium | 20 | Decreased |
| Penagini (1994) | Loperamide | 9 | Decreased |
| Bortolotti (1994) | Isosorbide Nifedipine | 9 7 | 49 65 |
| Bortolotti (2000) | Sildenafil | 7 | 50 |
Table 2 Chronic drug studies in esophageal achalasia
| Author | Drug | n | % efficacy | Follow-up (mo) |
| Yon (1975) | Anticholinergics | 7 | 14 | 12 |
| Gelfond (1981) | Isosorbide | 24 | 79 | 2-19 |
| Silverstein (1982) | Diltiazem | 8 | 50 | 6 |
| Gelfond (1982) | Nifedipine | 15 | 53 | 8-14 |
| Traube (1983) | Nifedipine | 14 | 65-80 | 6 |
| Maksimak (1986) | Nifedipine | 4 | LES decrease | 3-6 |
| Garia (1987) | Nifedipine | 20 | LES decrease | 4 |
| Coccia (1992) | Nifedipine | 14 | 77 | 21 |
Table 3 Controlled drug studies in esophageal achalasia (NA = not available)
| Author | Drug | n | % efficacy | LES decrease | Follow-up (mo) |
| Lobis (1976) | Dicyclomine | 10 | NA | 42% | Acute |
| Bortolotti (1981) | Nifedipine | 20 | 90 | 40% | 6-18 |
| Nashrallah (1985) | Nifedipine | 4 | 75 | Unchanged | 1 |
| Traube (1989) | Nifedipine | 10 | NA | 28% | 1 |
| Triadafilopoulos (1991) | Nifedipine Verapamil | 14 14 | NA NA | Decreased Decreased | 1 1 |
Table 4 Effect of BoTx on esophageal achalasia (only studies with at least 30 patients are reported)
| Authors | Toxin units | n | % LES decrease | Response 1 mo (%) | Response 6 mo (%) | Response 12 mo (%) |
| Pasricha, 1996 | 80 | 31 | 45 | 90 | 55 | - |
| Fishman, 1996 | 100 | 60 | - | 88 | - | 46 |
| Cuilliere, 1997 | 80 | 56 | 31 | 75 | 60 | - |
| Annese, 1998 | 100 | 57 | 55 | 88 | 55 | 35 |
| Prakash, 1999 | 80 | 42 | - | 90 | 64 | 41 |
| Kolbasnik, 1999 | 100 | 30 | 28 | 77 | 37 | 29 |
| Annese, 1999 | 100-250 | 78 | 42 | 86 | 61 | - |
| Annese, 2000 | Variable | 118 | 34 | 82 | 53 | - |
| D’Onofrio, 2002 | 100 | 37 | - | 84 | - | 67 |
| Storr, 2002 | 100 | 40 | - | - | 68 | - |
| Martinek, 2003 | 100-250 | 49 | 65 | 93 | - | 41 |
| Zaninotto, 2004 | 100 | 40 | - | - | 66 | 34 |
- Citation: Annese V, Bassotti G. Non-surgical treatment of esophageal achalasia. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12(36): 5763-5766
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v12/i36/5763.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v12.i36.5763