Ameliorative effect of Ganoderma lucidum on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats

Table 1 Primer sequences for PCR amplification

mRNA	Primer sequences	Length (bp)
TGF-β1	Sense 5' TAT AGC AAC AAT TCC TGG CG 3'	162
	Antisense 5' TGC TGT CAC AGG AGC AGTG 3'
MAT1A	Sense 5' AAA TGA AGA GGA TGT TGG TG 3'	264
	Antisense 5' ATT GTG TTG GCA CAG AGA GAT GA 3'
MAT2A	Sense 5' ATG CTG TCC TTG ATG CAC 3`	400
	Antisense 5' GCG TA A CCA AGG CAA TG 3'
GAPDH	Sense 5' CTT CAT TGA CCT CAA CTA CAT GGT CTA 3'	99
	Antisense 5' GATG ACA AGC TTC CCA TTC TCA G 3'

Table 2 Effect of GLE on weight of liver and spleen in CCl₄-treated rats

Group	Dose (mg/kg)	Liver (g)	Spleen (g)
Control	-	15.1 ± 1.8	0.90 ± 0.11
CCl4+H2O	-	16.6 ± 3.3	2.58 ± 0.32b
CCl4+GLE	600	16.7 ± 2.2	2.21 ± 0.36
	1600	18.2 ± 2.0	2.09 ± 0.56a

^aP<0.05 vs CCl₄ + H₂O group; ^bP<0.001 vs control group.

Table 3 Effect of GLE on plasma AST and ALT activity in CCl₄-treated rats

Drugs	Dose (mg/kg)	AST (U/L)	ALT (U/L)
Control	-	71.5 ±15.6	41.9 ± 1.9
CCl4 + H2O	-	610.8 ± 149.9b	464.7 ± 126.7 b
CCl4 + GLE	600	648.9 ± 153.8	499.9 ± 112.1
	1600	459.3 ± 105.3a	324.7 ± 41.3a

^aP < 0.05 vs CCl₄ + H₂O group; ^bP < 0.001 vs control group.

Table 4 Effect of GLE on plasma albumin concentra-tion and A/G ratio in CCl4-treated rats

Group	Dose (mg/kg)	Albumin (g/dL)	A/G ratio
Control	-	3.35 ± 0.15	1.22 ± 0.07
CCl4 + H2O	-	2.33 ± 0.21b	0.75 ± 0.04b
CCl4 + GLE	600	2.73 ± 0.18a	0.87 ± 0.07a
	1600	2.70 ± 0.25a	0.88 ± 0.13a

^aP < 0.05 vs CCl4 + H2O group; ^bP < 0.001 vs control group.

Table 5 Effect of GLE on hepatic protein, malondialdehyde and hydroxyproline content in CCl₄-treated rats

Group	Dose (mg/kg)	Protein(mg/g tissue)	Malondialdehyde(nmol/mg protein)	Hydroxyproline(µg/g tissue)
Control	-	186.3 ± 26.4	2.6 ± 0.5	550.0 ± 42.5
CCl4 + H2O	-	108.7 ± 4.8 d	4.4 ± 1.1d	1201.2 ± 151.7d
CCl4 + GLE	600	124.4 ± 10.2	3.8 ± 0.4	1050.4 ± 187.2b
	1600	128.2 ± 13.5a	3.4 ± 0.5a	877.5 ± 137.9b

^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs CCl₄ + H₂O group; ^dP < 0.001 vs control group.

Table 6 Effect of GLE on the mRNA expression of he-patic TGF-β1, MAT1A and MAT2A

Group	Dose (mg/kg)	TGF-β1/GAP-DH ratio	MAT1A/GAP-DH ratio	MAT2A/GAPDH ratio
Control	-	0.18 ± 0.03	4.34 ± 0.0.81	0.29 ± 0.02
CCl4 + H2O	-	22.17 ± 7.20f	1.75 ± 0.46f	4.95 ± 0.21f
CCl4 + GLE	600	16.99 ± 3.26a	3.07 ± 1.15a	1.68 ± 0.14d
	1600	4.83 ± 0.48d	3.83 ± 1.35b	0.56 ± 0.03d

^aP<0.05, ^bP<0.01, ^dP<0.001 vs CCl₄ + H₂O group; ^fP<0.001 vs control group.

Table 7 Effect of GLE on CCl₄-induced liver fibrosis in rats

Group	Dose (mg/kg)	Score of hepatic fibrosis					Average
		0	1	2	3	4
Control	-	10	0	0	0	0	0
CCl4 + H2O	-	0	0	1	9	0	2.9 ± 0.3
CCl4 + GLE	600	0	0	3	7	0	2.7 ± 0.3
	1600	0	0	6	4	0	2.4 ± 0.6b

^bP<0.01 vs CCl₄ group.