Bleeding gastric varices: Results of endoscopic injection with cyanoacrylate at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with bleeding gastric varices

	No. of patients	%
Total	24	100
Males:females	15:9	62:38
Mean age (Yr)	48
Age range (Yr)	29-75
Etiology of gastric varices
- Cirrhosis	20	83.3
1. Viral hepatitis B	6	25.0
2. Viral hepatitis C	2	8.3
3. Alcoholism	9	37.5
4. Alcoholism and hepatitis B	2	8.3
5. Alcoholism and hepatitis C	1	4.2
- Primary biliary cirrhosis	1	4.2
- Idiopathic portal hypertension	3	12.5
Bleeding status
- Active bleeding	9	38.0
- Recent bleeding	15	62.0
Child–Pugh classification
A	6	25.0
B	11	45.8
C	7	29.2
Gastric varices classification
GOV1	1	4.2
GOV2	17	70.8
IGV1	6	25.0
IGV2	0	0
Association with
Hepatocellular carcinoma	6	25.0
Portal vein thrombosis	1	4.2
Hepatocellular carcinoma with
portal vein thrombosis	1	4.2

Table 2 Causes of death in patients who were unsuitable for TIPs

Causes of death	Number of patients
Uncontrolled GI bleeding	3
Sepsis	2
Mesenteric emboli and peritonitis	1

Table 3 Clinical comparisons of patients who achieved and failed definite hemostasis

	Definite hemostasis(n = 17)	Failed hemostasis (n = 7)
Hepatocellular carcinoma	1 (5.8%)	6 (85.7%)1
Cirrhosis Child A	5 (29.5%)	1 (14.2%)
Cirrhosis Child B	10 (58.8%)	1 (14.2%)
Cirrhosis Child C	2 (11.7%)	5 (71.6%)2

¹Fisher’s exact test, P<0.01.

²Fisher’s exact test of Child C vs non Child C between two groups, P<0.01.