Neither gastric topological distribution nor principle virulence genes of Helicobacter pylori contributes to clinical outcomes

Table 1 Primer sequences of genes of interest

Region	Primer	Nucleotide sequence (5'→3')	PCR product (bp)	Reference
26kDa	26kDa-F	TGGCGTGTCTATTGACAGCGAGC	298	9
	26kDa-R	CCTGCTGGGCATACTTCACCAAG
ureC	ureC-F	AAGCTTTTAGGGGTGTTAGGGGTTT	294	10
	ureC-R	AAGCTTACTTTCTAACACTAACGC
cagA	cagA-F	AATACACCAACGCCTCCAAG	400	11
	cagA-R	TTGTTGCCGCTTTTGCTCTC
vacA	vacA-F	GCTTCTCTTACCACCAATGC	1160	12
	vacA-R	TGTCAGGGTTGTTCACCATG
	m2-R	CATAACTAGCGCCTTGCAC
iceA1	iceA1-F	GTGTTTTTAACCAAAGTATC	246	5
	iceA1-R	CTATAGCCAGTCTCTTTGCA		5
iceA2	iceA2-F	GTTGGGTDTDTCACAATTTAT	229/334	5
	iceA2-R	TTGCCCTATTTTCTAGTAGGT		5
babA2	babA2-F	AATCCAAAAAGGAGAAAAAGTATGAAA	831	4
	babA2-R	TGTTAGTGATTTCGGTGTAGGACA		4

F: forward primer R: reverse primer.

Table 2 Relationship between H pylori status and disease states

Groups	No. of patients	No. of biopsies	No. of H pylori (+)	P
PUD	36	108	16 (44%)	-
GERD	50	150	15 (30%)	0.169
NUD	69	207	20 (29%)	0.113

PUD, peptic ulcer disease; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; NUD, non-ulcer dyspepsia. All test values were calculated with respect to PUD; P < 0.05 indicates statistical significance.

Table 3 Anatomical location of the 134 H pylori isolates and their virulence genes

	Antrum (%) n = 43	Body/Corpus (%) n = 47	Cardia(%) n = 44
Clinical Diagnosis
PUD	12 (33)	15 (42)	12 (33)
GERD	13 (26)	15 (30)	14 (28)
NUD	18 (25)	17 (24)	18 (26)
Genotype
26kDa	43 (100)	47 (100)	44 (100)
ureC	43 (100)	47 (100)	44 (100)
cagA	35 (81)	35 (74)	33 (75)
vacA	37 (86)	38 (81)	35 (80)
iceA1	25 (58)	25 (53)	26 (59)
iceA2	10 (23)	12 (26)	9 (20)
babA2	18 (42)	20 (38)	16 (36)

PUD: Peptic ulcer disease; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; NUD: Non-ulcer dyspepsia. All test values were calculated with respect to gastric antrum and none were significant.

Table 4 Distribution of virulence genes of 134 H pylori isolates from the same anatomical site of different patient groups

	Isolates	26kDa (%)	ureC (%)	cagA (%)	vacA (%)	iceA1(%)	iceA2(%)	babA2(%)
Antrum
PUD	12	12 (100)	12 (100)	9 (75)	10 (83)	6 (50)	4 (33)	6 (50)
GERD	13	13 (100)	13 (100)	11 (85)	11 (85)	7 (54)	2 (15)	6 (46)
NUD	18	18 (100)	18 (100)	15 (83)	16 (89)	12 (67)	4 (22)	6 (33)
Body/Corpus
PUD	15	15 (100)	15 (100)	9 (60)	10 (67)	6 (40)	5 (33)	7 (47)
GERD	15	15 (100)	15 (100)	14 (93)1	14 (93)	8 (53)	3 (20)	8 (53)
NUD	17	17 (100)	17 (100)	12 (71)	14 (82)	11 (65)	4 (24)	5 (29)
Cardia
PUD	12	12 (100)	12 (100)	9 (75)	11 (92)	5 (42)	2 (17)	3 (25)
GERD	14	14 (100)	14 (100)	12 (86)	11 (79)	8 (57)	2 (14)	7 (50)
NUD	18	18 (100)	18 (100)	12 (67)	13 (72)	13 (72)	5 (28)	7 (39)

PUD: Peptic ulcer disease; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; NUD: Non-ulcer dyspepsia. All test values were calculated with respect to PUD. 1Indicates statistical significance (P = 0.031).