Genotype and phylogenetic characterization of hepatitis B virus among multi-ethnic cohort in Hawaii

Table 1 Comparison of clinical backgrounds in carriers with HBV genotypes A, B and C

Features			Genotype n(%)
			A (n = 14)	B (n = 9)	C (n = 38)
Age (mean±SD, yr)			49.1±14.5	46.9±13.0	43.0±11.9
Gender (male:female)			10:4	4:5	21:17
Race	Asian	Mainland Chinese	0(0)	5(33)	10(67)
		Philippine	10(83)	0(0)	2(17)
		Taiwanese	0(0)	2(50)	2(50)
		Hong Kong	0(0)	0(0)	8(100)
		Vietnamese	0(0)	2(40)	3(60)
		Korean	0(0)	0(0)	7(100)
		Japanese	0(0)	0(0)	1(100)
	Micronesian		0(0)	0(0)	3(100)
	Polynesian		1(100)	0(0)	0(0)
	Caucasian		3(60)	0(0)	2(40)
Liver disease		ASC	2(14)	3(33)	9(24)
		CH	10(71)	5(56)	24(63)
		LC	2(14)	1(11)	1(3)
		HCC	0(0)	0(0)	4(11)
		HBeAg (+)	8(57)	3(33)a	26(68)a
Laboratory finding		AST (U/L)	63.3±42.2	56.6±58.7	54.7±81.9
		ALT (U/L)	41.4±31.6	34.8±27.0	37.3±59.7
		ALP (U/L)	359.9±139.4	287.3±140.2	328.0±166.2
		γ -GTP (U/L)	121.0±121.3	55.9±37.2	66.8±103.0

^aP < 0.05 between genotypes B and C. ASC: Asymptomatic carrier; CH: Chronic hepatitis; LC: Liver cirrhosis; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; γ -GTP: γ -glutamyl transpeptidase.

Table 2 Comparison of core promoter/precore sequences between genotypes A, B and C

Mutation		Genotype n (%)
		A (n = 14)	B (n = 9)	C (n = 38)
CP mutation	Double mutation	3(21)	4(44)	22(58%)
PC mutation nt 1858	Cytosine(C)	14(100)	0(0)	12(32)
	Thymine(T)	0(0)	9(100)	26(68)
nt 1896	Guanine(G)	14(100)	6(67)	30(79)
	Adenine(A)	0(0)	3(33)	8(21)

CP: Core promoter; PC: Precore; nt: Nucleotide.

Table 3 Clinical and virological characteristics in carriers of genotype C with C-1858 or T-1858

		Mutation n(%)
		C-1858 (n = 12)	T-1858 (n = 26)
Age (mean ± SD, yr)		41.7 ± 13.0	43.5 ± 11.6
Gender (male:female)		9:3	12:14
Race	Asian
	Mainland Chinese	3(30)	7(70)
	Filipino	0(0)	2(100)
	Taiwanese	0(0)	2(100)
	Hong Kong	3(38)	5(63)
	Vietnamese	2(67)	1(33)
	Korean	1(14)	6(86)
	Japanese	0(0)	1(100)
	Micronesian	2(100)	0(0)
	Polynesian	0(0)	0(0)
	Caucasian	1(50)	1(50)
Liver disease	ASC	2(17)	10(29)
	CH	8(67)	21(60)
	LC	1(8)	1(3)
	HCC	1(8)	3(9)
Laboratory finding	HBeAg (+)	10(83)	16(62)
	AST (U/L)	34.9 ± 17.0	63.8 ± 97.6
	ALT (U/L)	23.2 ± 11.2	43.8 ± 71.3
	ALP (U/L)	334.6 ± 186.3	324.9 ± 157.0
	γ-GTP (U/L)	87.8 ± 167.3	57.2 ± 48.4
CP mutation	Double mutation	6(50)	16(62)
PC mutation	A-1896	0(0)	8(31)

ASC: Asymptomatic carrier; CH: Chronic hepatitis; LC: Liver cirrhosis; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; γ -GTP: γ -glutamyl transpeptidase; CP: Core promoter; PC: Precore.