Characteristics of gut microbiota and metabolites in patients with ulcerative colitis with fatigue

Figure 1 Sample comparative analysis. A: Compound classification distribution chart; B: Compound classification pie chart; C: Compound classification bar chart; D: Principal component analysis plot. HHF: Healthy with fatigue; HHN: Healthy without fatigue; HUCF: Ulcerative colitis with fatigue; HUCN: Ulcerative colitis without fatigue; QC: Quality control sample; HMDB: Human Metabolome Database; PCA: Principal component analysis.

Figure 2 Visualize differential metabolites analysis. A-D: Partial least squares-discriminant analysis plot; E-H: Volcano plot. HHF: Healthy with fatigue; HHN: Healthy without fatigue; HUCF: Ulcerative colitis with fatigue; HUCN: Ulcerative colitis without fatigue; PLS-DA: Partial least squares discriminant analysis.

Figure 3 Metabolite set analysis. A: Venn diagram; B: Metabolite cluster analysis; C-F: Variable importance in projection-based bubble plots of the metabolites. HHF: Healthy with fatigue; HHN: Healthy without fatigue; HUCF: Ulcerative colitis with fatigue; HUCN: Ulcerative colitis without fatigue; VIP: Variable importance in projection.

Figure 4 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. A-C: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) enrichment analysis bubble plot; D and E: KEGG pathway enrichment score plot. 0.01 < ^aP ≤ 0.05; 0.001 < ^bP ≤ 0.01; ^cP ≤ 0.001. KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes; HHF: Healthy with fatigue; HHN: Healthy without fatigue; HUCF: Ulcerative colitis with fatigue; HUCN: Ulcerative colitis without fatigue.

Figure 5 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. A and B: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) enrichment analysis bubble plot; C and D: KEGG pathway enrichment score plot. 0.01 < ^aP ≤ 0.05; 0.001 < ^bP ≤ 0.01; ^cP ≤ 0.001. KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes; HHF: Healthy with fatigue; HHN: Healthy without fatigue; HUCF: Ulcerative colitis with fatigue; HUCN: Ulcerative colitis without fatigue.

Figure 6 Microbial diversity analysis. A: Principal coordinate analysis plot; B-E: Box plot of alpha diversity indices across groups; F: Group comparison of dysbiosis index. 0.01 < ^aP ≤ 0.05; 0.001 < ^bP ≤ 0.01; ^cP ≤ 0.001. PCoA: Principal component analysis; ASV: Amplicon sequence variant; HHF: Healthy with fatigue; HHN: Healthy without fatigue; HUCF: Ulcerative colitis with fatigue; HUCN: Ulcerative colitis without fatigue.

Figure 7 Microbial community composition analysis. A: Venn diagram; B: Hierarchical clustering plot of samples; C and D: Pie chart of species distribution. HHF: Healthy with fatigue; HHN: Healthy without fatigue; HUCF: Ulcerative colitis with fatigue; HUCN: Ulcerative colitis without fatigue.

Figure 8 Microbial community structure analysis. A-E: Community barplot analysis. HHF: Healthy with fatigue; HHN: Healthy without fatigue; HUCF: Ulcerative colitis with fatigue; HUCN: Ulcerative colitis without fatigue.

Figure 9 The genus level analysis. A: Bar plot with multiple group comparisons; B: Linear discriminant analysis bar plot; C: Linear discriminant analysis effect size cladogram. 0.01 < ^aP ≤ 0.05; 0.001 < ^bP ≤ 0.01; ^cP ≤ 0.001. LEfSe: Linear discriminant analysis effect size; HHF: Healthy with fatigue; HHN: Healthy without fatigue; HUCF: Ulcerative colitis with fatigue; HUCN: Ulcerative colitis without fatigue.

Figure 10  Two-group fold change plot on genus level analysis. A: Ulcerative colitis with fatigue (HUCF) group vs ulcerative colitis without fatigue (HUCN) group; B: HUCF group vs healthy with fatigue (HHF) group; C: HHF group vs healthy without fatigue (HHN) group; D: HUCN group vs HHN group. 0.01 < ^aP ≤ 0.05; 0.001 < ^bP ≤ 0.01. HHF: Healthy with fatigue; HHN: Healthy without fatigue; HUCF: Ulcerative colitis with fatigue; HUCN: Ulcerative colitis without fatigue.

Figure 11  Correlation heatmap. 0.01 < ^aP ≤ 0.05; 0.001 < ^bP ≤ 0.01; ^cP ≤ 0.001. BMI: Body mass index.