Prevalence of hepatitis-D virus in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients of India: A meta-analysis (research on behalf of ESGVH)

doi:10.3748/wjg.v32.i21.115964

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Meta-Analysis

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Jun 7, 2026; 32(21): 115964
Published online Jun 7, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i21.115964

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Figure 1 The steps of the literature search and selection.

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Figure 2 Forest plot. Forest plot of prevalence estimates (pooled: 5.05%, 95% confidence interval: 2.37-10.41; random-effects model) showing substantial heterogeneity (I² = 93.5%, τ² = 4.2224, P < 0.0001) across 30 regional studies. CI: Confidence interval.

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Figure 3 Regional prevalence of hepatitis D virus in India. CI: Confidence interval.

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Figure 4 Funnel plot of logit-transformed proportions vs standard errors. Begg’s P = 0.57; Egger’s P = 0.006, showing moderate symmetry with potential small-study effects at higher standard errors.

Citation: Mishra N, Gupta A, Singh AK, Nagar J, Vyas AK, Yadav V, Ravindran GC, Pandey MK, Corovic IF, Mandal U, Tiwari RR, Mishra PK, Rawat SK, Nema RK. Prevalence of hepatitis-D virus in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients of India: A meta-analysis (research on behalf of ESGVH). World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(21): 115964
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i21/115964.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v32.i21.115964

Mishra N, Gupta A, Singh AK, Nagar J, Vyas AK, Yadav V, Ravindran GC, Pandey MK, Corovic IF, Mandal U, Tiwari RR, Mishra PK, Rawat SK, Nema RK. Prevalence of hepatitis-D virus in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients of India: A meta-analysis (research on behalf of ESGVH). World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(21): 115964 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i21.115964]

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