Lean type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent predictor of mortality in primary biliary cholangitis

doi:10.3748/wjg.v32.i13.115649

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Apr 7, 2026 (publication date) through Mar 27, 2026

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Apr 7, 2026; 32(13): 115649
Published online Apr 7, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i13.115649

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Figure 1 Study flow chart of patient selection. PBC: Primary biliary cholangitis; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for liver-related mortality according to lean type 2 diabetes mellitus phenotype. A: Survival comparison among non-lean non-type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), lean non-T2DM, non-lean T2DM, and lean T2DM groups (P < 0.001); B: Kaplan-Meier survival curves for non-lean non-T2DM and lean T2DM phenotype groups after propensity score matching. T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Figure 3 Forest plot showing hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the stratified analysis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and lean interaction effects in primary biliary cholangitis patients. T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Figure 4 Propensity score distributions before and after matching between lean type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-lean non-type 2 diabetes mellitus primary biliary cholangitis patients. T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Figure 5 Covariate balance before and after propensity score matching between lean type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-lean non-type 2 diabetes mellitus groups. Alb: Albumin; PLT: Platelet; TBil: Total bilirubin; AMA-M2: Anti-mitochondrial antibody M2; INR: International normalized ratio; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.

Citation: Yin TT, Lin HY, Zhou M, Li JW, Mo QL, Wang HJ, Chen J, Zhu HL, Li YT, Zheng MY, Yang JH. Lean type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent predictor of mortality in primary biliary cholangitis. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(13): 115649
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i13/115649.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v32.i13.115649