Precision therapy guided by genotypic antibiotic resistance for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A prospective, randomized controlled trial

Figure 1 Flowchart of therapeutic decision-making in the genotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing group based on resistance mutations detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Treatment was tailored as clarithromycin-containing bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT), levofloxacin-containing BQT, or tetracycline-containing BQT according to clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance. H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; Cla-BQT: Clarithromycin-containing bismuth quadruple therapy; Lev-BQT: Levofloxacin-containing bismuth quadruple therapy; Tet-BQT: Tetracycline-containing bismuth quadruple therapy.

Figure 2 Flowchart of the recruitment of study subjects. H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; ITT: Intention-to-treat analysis; PP: Per-protocol analysis; G-AST: Genotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing; BQT: Bismuth quadruple therapy.