Sequential changes of antibiotic resistances of Helicobacter pylori in Taiwan from 2019 to 2024

Figure 1 Sequential changes of antibiotic resistances and dual resistances of Helicobacter pylori in Taiwan from 2019 to 2024 among treatment naive patients. A: Illustrated sequential changes of antibiotic resistances to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracyclin, and levofloxacin. There was a statistically significant decreasing trend in metronidazole resistance; and a significant increasing trend in tetracycline resistance (P < 0.05 means significant change in linear trend); B: Illustrated sequential changes of antibiotic dual resistances. The dual resistance to clarithromycin plus tetracycline and metronidazole plus tetracycline both increased significantly from 0% to 1.7% during the study period (P < 0.05 means significant change in linear trend).