Effects of ethanol and sex on propionate metabolism evaluated via a faster 13C-propionate breath test in rats

Figure 1 Propionate metabolism and the measuring principle of the propionate breath test. TCA: Tricarboxylic acid. Citation: Sasaki Y, Sato T, Maeda T, Komatsu F, Kawagoe N, Imai T, Shigeta T, Kashima N, Urita Y. [In Press] Evaluation of the One-Hour ¹³C-Propionate Breath Test in 49 Patients from a Single Center in Japan to Detect Vitamin B₁₂ Deficiency. Med. Sci. Monit. 2023 [DOI: 10.12659/MSM.940238]. Copyright © The Authors 2023. Published by Medical Science Monitor, International Scientific Information, Inc.

Figure 2 Comparison of faster propionate breath test results between the male and female rats. Note: Tinted area around each line indicates the standard deviation range.

Figure 3 Comparison of propionate breath test results between the male ethanol-fed rat and male control rat groups. Note: Tinted area around each line indicates the standard deviation range. CR: Control rat; ER: Ethanol-fed rat.

Figure 4 Comparison of propionate breath test results between the female ethanol-fed rat and female control rat groups. Note: Tinted area around each line indicates the standard deviation range. CR: Control rat; ER: Ethanol-fed rat.